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  3. Research reveals that quality after-school programs improve academic performance, decrease youth delinquency and other high-risk

Research reveals that quality after-school programs improve academic performance, decrease youth delinquency and other high-risk

admin2019-12-23  54
问题     Research reveals that quality after-school programs improve academic performance, decrease youth delinquency and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults. The impact of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear: Students who participate in such programs demonstrate improved behavior in school, better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to be retained. After-school programs also impact high-risk teen behavior. Finally, after-school programs play a vital role in supporting the following realms of development: physical development, intellectual development, psychological and emotional health, and social development. Thus, one can make the case that after-school programming is an effective strategy to help young people become contributing members of society.
    Among the Boys is a unique after-school program for boys living in the Highland Park neighborhood of our city. The organizational task is to provide males living in low-income and public housing with opportunities to discover their ability to change challenges into possibilities. The program includes an academic part as well as specific strategies for supporting the overall development of the participants. Among the Boys uses painting as an instrument for helping boys examine their world, discuss it, and develop positive ways of handling the challenges they face daily. Young men present personal challenges to the group, such as a recent fight or the long-term drug abuse they observe in their neighborhood. After guided discussion, the youth work as a team, determining how to best represent the issue at hand in a painting. The resulting paintings and explanations of these paintings provided by the young people suggest that something profound occurs through this process. These young men are learning a healthy way to express and cope with the pain and suffering they feel. Art serves as a healing process and a structured method of teaching teamwork, nonviolent values, conflict handling and problem-solving skills.
    Many components of Among the Boys are consistent with the best practices in the prevention of high-risk behavior. First, community-based youth development programs are considered important parts of a comprehensive prevention strategy, particularly in high-risk neighborhoods. Second, compensatory education that targets at-risk youth for academic failure is also considered an effective prevention strategy. Third, interventions aimed at improving youth’s moral reasoning, social problem-solving, and thinking skills are reported to be effective strategies for reducing violence in high-risk populations, especially when carried out with elementary school-aged boys. Finally, Among the Boys has a modified tutoring component, considered an effective prevention tool. Tutoring is typically a one-to-one match between a tutor and a youth, but Among the Boys creates "group tutoring." It compensates for its high student-tutor ratio with quality and quantity of time, as the program meets after school, on Saturdays, and all day during the summer, and is staffed primarily by males, an unusual quality among educational programs.
    Among the Boys is a rare gem among grass-roots programs, and represents the vision of a successful male who grew up in the Highland Park neighborhood and has returned to make a valuable contribution to his community.  
Which of the following strengthens the assertion about the role after-school programs play in making young people contributing members of society?
选项 A、Education for young people includes success in school and overall development.
B、Youth delinquency and other high-risk behaviors can be avoided by participating in after-school programs.
C、Higher achievement test scores are the consequence of lower rates of drug abuse and fewer absences.
D、Researches show that all kinds of after-school programs appeal to children.
答案A
解析 近义表述。第一段最后一句得出了一个论断，即“after-school programming is an effective strategy to help young people become contributing members of society(课外活动是帮助青少年成为对社会有贡献的人的有效策略)”。题干问四个选项中哪一个强调了这一论断。选项A的要点为教育年轻人，使其不仅在校优秀，而且全面发展；选项B的要点为参加课外活动可以避免青少年犯罪及其他危险行为；选项C的要点为降低毒品滥用率和缺勤率可以提高成绩；选项D强调研究结果显示所有课外活动均对儿童有吸引力。本题题干中的contributing是最重要的判断依据，它强调的是saying or doing sth．good to help make sth．successful／help others，强调利他的结果，而选项B只提到降低负面行为，选项c侧重在校成绩，这更多是利己的，选项D只提到了活动的吸引力却没有提及活动的效果，只有选项A表明利他的结果，故选A。
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