首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
At the dawn of the 20th century, suburbia was a dream inspired by revulsion to the poverty and crowding of the cities. In the vi
At the dawn of the 20th century, suburbia was a dream inspired by revulsion to the poverty and crowding of the cities. In the vi
admin
2014-06-20
72
问题
At the dawn of the 20th century, suburbia was a dream inspired by revulsion to the poverty and crowding of the cities. In the visions of architects, there would be neighborhood parks, tree-lined streets and low-density housing free from the pollution and social problems of the cities. As the top map of the New York City metropolitan area shows, commuter suburbs had sprung up near the railway lines on Long Island and Westchester County by 1930, but further expansion was fueled in large part by the automobile. Eventually it was apparent that much of suburbia was not delivering on the early promise.
The extraordinary growth of car ownership in 20th-century America was made possible by abundant domestic oil, the world’s largest highway system, and low taxes on vehicles and gasoline.
But suburban growth would not have been nearly as great were it not for government policies that penalized cities and rewarded suburbs. For instance, federal mortgage insurance programs tended to promote new housing on outlying land rather than repair of existing city housing and, furthermore, excluded racially mixed neighborhoods that were deemed unstable. American communities have far fewer impediments to expansion than European ones: London, for instance, restricted sprawl by establishing greenbelts on its periphery.
Tax deductions for mortgage interest in the U. S. have been larger than those of most other countries. Furthermore, suburban jurisdictions in the U. S. have far greater zoning powers than their foreign counterparts and use this power to reinforce low-density housing by requiring large lots, thus increasing the number of affluent taxpayers and reducing the need to supply services to needy families. Arguably, the most important stimulus to "white flight" out of the city was fear of crime, particularly crime by blacks—a fear reinforced by the social pathologies of public housing, where blacks and other minorities predominate. Such apprehension helps to explain why revitaliza-tion projects and improved mass-transit systems have failed to lure the middle class back to the city in large numbers.
Suburban expansion may conjure up images of aesthetic degradation and cultural sterility, but it has provided better housing for millions. In the process of suburbanization, low-income city families have also benefited because of the housing stock that became available as the middle class fled. By spreading out, U. S. cities avoided the sometimes oppressive densities of Japanese and European cities. Indeed, so great is the compactness in Tokyo that Japanese officials see deconcentration as a high priority. Overall, however, the suburban push financially hurt cities, which saw their tax bases shrink. They were disproportionately affected by unfunded federal mandates and thus hindered in efforts to provide quality schools and reliable municipal services. Indeed, New York City’s fiscal problems in the 1970s followed, and were worsened by the middle-class flight into the suburbs. The outflow, rather than population growth, drove rapid suburban spread.
Which of the following contributed a lot to the further expansion of suburbs?
选项
A、Discovery of rich reserves of oil in the country.
B、High cost of repairing old houses in the cities.
C、Greenbelt building on the edge of the cities.
D、Government policies in favor of new housing in the suburbs.
答案
A
解析
细节题。题目问的是“哪个原因极大地促成了郊区的进一步扩张?”。由文章第一段第三句“…but future expansion wasfueled in large part by the automobile”可知:但汽车进一步加剧了大规模的扩张:此外,第二段第一句中“The extraordinary growthof car ownership in 20th-century America was made possible byabundant domestic oil,the world’s largest highway system,and lowtaxes on vehicles and gasoline.”可知:丰富的国内石油产量、世界上最大的公路系统以及对车辆和汽油征收的低税促使20世纪美国汽车持有量飞速增长,这与A项内容相符。故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KfXd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Howdidthestudyevaluateeveryparticipant’ssenseofresponsibility?Previousstudiessuggest______.
Dr.WilsonandMr.Wanghavemetbefore.
Whatshouldonedoifhewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathislowpointinthemorning?
TherecentsocialandeconomicchangesintheU.S.havegreatimpactonalltheAmericanhousingsystem.
Themanbehindthisnotion,JackMaple,isadandywhoaffectsdarkglasses,homburgs(翘边帽)andtwo-toeshoes;yethehasbecome
Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoretical(31);technologyisamethod
Accordingtothepassage,whatdistinguishesmanypresent-daytheatersfromthosebuiltpriortothenineteenthcentury?Where
InpartsofBrazil’spoornortheast,snakesandparrotsareonsalebytheroadsideforafewreais.InBrazil,aselsewherein
InpartsofBrazil’spoornortheast,snakesandparrotsareonsalebytheroadsideforafewreais.InBrazil,aselsewherein
InpartsofBrazil’spoornortheast,snakesandparrotsareonsalebytheroadsideforafewreais.InBrazil,aselsewherein
随机试题
旅游资源的理论核心是()。
不属于肺源性心脏病X线征象的是
患者,女,22岁,脑子里出现一个观念或看到一句话,便不由自主地联想到另一个观念或语句。由于这种观念的出现违背患者自己的主观意愿,感到非常苦恼。护理该患者时,措施不当的是()
与故障树分析不同,事件树分析是使用(),事件树可提供记录事故后果的系统性的方法,并能确定导致事件后果与初始事件的关系。
2017年2月13日,在2016年度财务报告批准报出前,发现2016年末可供出售金融资产公允价值变动2000万元计入了公允价值变动损益,企业应调整2016年度会计报表相关项目的期末数和本年数。()
索取了公司的应收账款明细表,与账面核对无误后,选择样本进行发函询证,并根据函证结果调整审计程序,请指出以下说法中,哪个是不正确的( )。注册会计师结合存货盘点和应收账款的审计,对主营业务收入的截止进行测试,其中发现公司对收入的确认会计处理包含以下几种
所谓分类储存,是指将所有货物按照一定特性加以分类,而每一类货物的货位可以是随机的。()
简述第一次世界大战的影响。
“净菜进万家”是目前“巧媳妇综合服务公司”正在大力开展的一项促销活动。他们在市场分析人员的建议下选择了格物和致知这两所本城最著名的大学作为主攻方向。市场分析人员提交给他们的报告认为,格物和致知这两所大学汇聚了众多国家宝贵的高级知识分子,提供洗净包好的“净菜
Untiltheendofthe18thcentury,itwasmenwholavishedattentionontheirfeet.LouisXIVworehighheeledmulestoshowoff
最新回复
(
0
)