首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The New Machine — Move Over Data! The potential of integrated applications in medical technology and patient monitoring is a
The New Machine — Move Over Data! The potential of integrated applications in medical technology and patient monitoring is a
admin
2013-07-02
20
问题
The New Machine — Move Over Data!
The potential of integrated applications in medical technology and patient monitoring is as exciting as it is exotic.
Remember the Star Trek robot who could speak 5,000 languages and who was familiar with the protocols(礼仪)of many worlds? Not only can Data talk, reason and feel. It is almost impossible to shut him up! Well, the scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s(MIT)Artificial Intelligence(AI)lab are exploring and creating robots that may someday rival Data’s accomplishments.
The implications of their work — ranging from artificial limbs that feel, respond and act like the originals, to thinking machines — are moving fairly quickly from the realms of fantasy into those of probability. One robot, nicknamed Kismet, has even been programmed to read human facial expressions and react "emotionally". Kismet has a disembodied head, albeit a remarkably cute one with long eyelashes shading large blue eyes. Just as babies learn from reading and imitating the expressions and sounds made by their parents(with parents often projecting their emotions to the child), Kismet "learns" and reacts to the faces of its creators.
While Kismet’s ability to interact and learn is primitive when compared to a human baby, it nonetheless elicits a great deal of "projected" humanity from those around it, and triggers some of the same emotions as an infant would from the adults that surround him or her. Children learn to be real people because the adults close to them are "programmed"(i. e., infants trigger hormonal and neuronal stimuli in adults)to treat them as real people. Thus, the scientists at MIT are predicting that humanoid robots may be possible if we treat them as if they were human!
This work is fascinating in all of its facets — especially mat which teaches us about ourselves. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. " And can you create who they are and how they treat you? "As you sow, so shall you reap!" While humans are infinitely more complex, making their reactions infinitely less predictable, even at the most primitive level, the impact of respectful and gentle interactions can be not clearly seen.
Real News — Interactive Robot
The real news, however, is Cog: an interactive robot that makes eye contact, plays catch, and bobbles a Slinky back and forth in its hands. Unlike robots in which a single central computer controls multiple separate mechanical systems, Cog is built with "embodied" intelligence — every joint has an independent "thinking" machine designed to interact in simple ways with the joints around it, and to take cues directly from its environment. This means, of course, that not even its creators know precisely how Cog will behave in every situation. And now the creators are working on Cog’s skin.
Here’s what’s going on: to help build Cog’s arm coordination, the scientists put touch sensors in the robot’s belly(to give Cog’s hand something at which to aim). Cog was then programmed to touch the sensors, but its response was so life-like(as each affected joint responded)that it looked as if the robot was exploring its body — almost exactly like a human baby. Before that, Cog was a fascinating toy, but with "skin" it became a primitive human, although a mechanical one.
Expanding Capabilities
As robots like Cog become more,and more complex, their capabilities will expand rapidly into the work-a-day world, and certainly not as "pincers" awkwardly controlled by human hands, but rather as independently functioning units controlled by their own programming. Although we have worked for years on computer models of how the human brain works, and even built a computer that can beat a chess master at his or her own game, we have so far built pretty worthless robots. Why?
The answer may lie in Cog’s "embodied intelligence". As long as scientists insisted that all intelligence was centrally located in a computer that received information and gave commands to the mechanical systems that enabled the robot to move, we failed. Each joint and system has an intelligence of its own — and reacts to stimuli on its own — in addition to whatever commands it receives from the central computer. It is possible, perhaps probable, that Cog is successful because its systems are, at a most primitive level, mimicking our systems. That intelligence and even memory is stored in our various body parts and systems as well as our minds.
The fact that Cog "came alive" when it was given skin(implanted with sensors)gives added meaning to therapeutic touch. As an interesting aside, in the 14th Century, Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra interpreted the words in Genesis 3: 21 "... and Yahweh made garments for the man and his wife and clothed them." The Rabbi thinks this means that Yahweh quite literally encased them in skin(their own skin, not an animal’s)and through this skin came knowledge of the world. Thus all human knowledge is " embodied. " It would seem that MIT’s Artificial Intelligence researchers are just catching up with him!
Present and Potential Application
Today we have robots that assist with micro- and tele-surgery. We even have a home health robot that reminds people to take their medicine at the prescribed times, and dispenses the appropriate drug in. the prescribed dose. We have voice-activated computers that record, store, dispense and charge. We have monitor systems that watch, secure record and warn. We have computerized compliance systems that record and track and match and advise.
What we need, like Cog, is a way of connecting and integrating them while each maintains its own intelligence and its own interactivity. The potential of integrated applications in smart buildings, in decision-support environments(clinical and managerial), in medical technology, and patient monitoring-diagnosis-intervention(in the OR, in the ER, in the home), is as exciting as it is exotic.
Soon, very soon, far sooner than most humans will be ready for it, MIT’s scientists are going to marry Kismet and Cog — and then, Data — move over! To take this thesis a step further, MIT’s AI researchers could join forces with neurobiologists whose work enables brain waves to be picked up, magnified and used to communicate and/or perform any function that a computer can perform. Humans actually could create their own doppelgangers(面貌极相似的人). Moreover, we are more than likely to live to see it happen.
Worthful robots should have various separated intelligence that can react to commands from the______as well as itself.
选项
A、mechanical system
B、sensor
C、creator
D、central computer
答案
D
解析
结合本标题下第一段最后两句,文中说明有价值的机器人的关节和系统应配有独立智能装置,这些智能装置不但能执行中央电脑的指令,而且可以自己对环境做出反应。因此[D]项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Kgn7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEducationsaystherearemorethan2,400Americancollegesanduniversities.About100ofthese
A、EarlynewspapersinEngland.B、Theearlyhistoryofmagazines.C、ThelifeofDanielDefoe.D、Differencesbetweennewspapersan
Anewstudyusesadvancedbrain-scanningtechnologytoeastlightonatopicthatpsychologistshavepuzzledoverformorethan
A、The’captain.B、Thecommunicationofficer.C、Thedoctor.D、Thefrogperson.C对话中,男士和女士均表达了对电影中人物的不同看法:关于thecapitain和thefrog
Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina【36】being,toat
A、Collegeprofessors.B、Computerusers.C、Lonelypeople.D、Internetsurfers.C
A、Becauseitisastudentaffair.B、Becauseoftheschedule.C、Becauseitadvocatesahealthylifestyle.D、Becauseitistoodea
MuchhasbeensaidabouttheiPodanditsamazingpopularitywithpeopleofallagesandgroups.TheiPodphenomenonhasalsota
TheBankofChinahasinjectedmoreloansintothepowerindustryto______(提高电力生产水平).
Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbus
随机试题
下列选项中,位于腕横纹上的腧穴有
徽墨(Huistyleinkstick)中国古墨中最有名的墨品,因产于古徽州府而得名。徽墨的创始人是南唐制墨名家奚超及其子奚廷珪,历史已逾千年。徽墨品种繁多,传统品种有漆烟墨(lacquersoot)、油烟墨(oilsoot)、松烟墨(pines
A.向下颌方向缓慢刺入0.5~1.5寸B.针尖微向下,向鼻尖方向缓慢刺入0.8~1.2寸C.向下颌方向缓慢刺入0.5~1寸D.向眼球方向缓慢刺入0.5~1寸用毫针刺风池穴,正确的操作手法是
()是将募集的资金投资于多个对冲基金,而不是投资于股票、债券的基金。
下列关于操作风险的说法,错误的是()。
某企业开发新产品,有四种设计方案可供选择,四种方案在不同市场状态下的损益值见下表,采用乐观原则判断,该企业应选择()。
某工厂现生产某种零件30件,加工工序数为3,每道工序的单件加工时间:t1=5分钟,t2=5分钟,t3=10分钟。根据以上资料,回答下列问题:若采取平行移动方式,则这批零件的生产时间是()分钟。
“仁者见仁,智者见智”,是对客观真理的否定。()
Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.
以下关于利率期货的说法错误的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)