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  3. We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two

We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two

admin2015-03-25  28
问题     We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two decades, neuroscience research has been investigating whether this popular saying has a real basis in human behaviour.
    Over twenty years ago, a team of scientists, led by Giacomo Rizzolatti at the University of Parma, discovered special brain cells, called mirror neurons, in monkeys. These cells appeared to be activated both when the monkey did something itself and when the monkey simply watched another monkey do the same thing.
    The function of such mirror neurons in humans has since become a hot topic. In the latest issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, a team of distinguished researchers debate whether the mirror neuron system is involved in such diverse processes as understanding speech, understanding the meaning of other people’s actions, and understanding other people’s minds.
    The mirror neuron system probably plays some role in how we understand other people’s speech, but it’s likely that this role is much smaller than has been previously claimed. In fact, the role is small enough that it’s unlikely that mirror neurons would be causal factors in our ability to understand speech. Mirror neuron-related processes may only contribute to understanding what another person is trying to say if the room is very noisy or there are other complications to normal speech perception conditions.
    Mirror neurons are believed to play a critical role in how and why we understand other people’s actions. There are many physical actions, like Tiger Woods’ golf swing, that we ourselves can’t do, but we understand those actions anyway. However, contrary to what some mirror neuron proponents have suggested, doing isn’t required for understanding. In fact, neuro-imaging data reviewed in this article demonstrate that the actions we ourselves have the most experience doing—the actions we are best at doing and understand best—actually show less mirror neuron activity. Such findings suggest a need to reappraise the role of mirror neurons in guiding how we understand actions.
    One of the most powerful roles suggested for the mirror neuron system in humans is that of understanding not just other people’s physical actions or speech, but their minds and their intentions. It has been suggested that some persons, such as persons with autism, have difficulty understanding other people’s minds and, therefore, might lack mirror neurons. However, numerous research studies reviewed in this article consistently show that persons with autism are highly capable of understanding the intentions of other people’s actions, suggesting that our intuitions about persons with autism and mirror neurons needs to be revised.
The author quote the phrase "monkey see, monkey do" in Paragraph 1 to
选项 A、compare the mirror neurons between monkey and human.
B、explain how mirror neurons function on monkey.
C、explain how mirror neurons work on human.
D、explore whether the mirror neurons function the same way on monkey and human.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。由题干提示定位到首段。文章开篇说到“猴子会见样学样”，那么这一谚语是否能在人类行为中找到依据呢?可见，作者引用这句格言旨在验证人脑中是否和猴子一样拥有镜像神经元细胞来模仿他人的行为，即镜像神经元系统是否对二者都起作用，故[D]符合文意。由上述分析可知，文章并未对猴子和人体镜像神经元做对比，排除[A]；通读文章可知作者并没有详细介绍镜像神经元在猴子体内的作用，故排除[B]；虽然文章大部分内容是关于人体内镜像神经元细胞的作用，但作者开篇以该谚语引出的目的是为了作类比，故排除[C]。
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