首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality component
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality component
admin
2012-05-29
61
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child ’ s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’ s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’ s needs and by their overall attitude.
A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that______.
选项
A、the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climax
B、the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environment
C、the child ’ s sense of trust is destroyed
D、no sense of trust has ever developed
答案
D
解析
原文第四段与母亲关系良好但又被分开的6—12个月的婴儿对分离的极度反应是因为they had a faith that now has been shattered,即以前建立的信任被粉碎了,反之可推断那些与母亲关系6—12个月的婴儿不受与母亲分离的影响是因为没有建立信任感。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KmyK777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Accordingtorecentsurveys,72%ofallAmericansbelievethattheUnitedStatesgovernmentis【C1】hi______informationaboutUFOs
Replaceeachdotwiththecorrespondingletter.AEBFCGDH..
WhilebaseballisoftendescribedasthenationalsportoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,itprobablydevelopedfromaneighteent
HallwardLibrarysupportsthelearning,teachingandresearchneedsoftheFacultyofArtsandtheFacultyofSocialSciences.T
Seedcataloguesfeaturehundredsofdifferentfloweringspecies.Forthepersonjustbeginningagardenthiscanbebewildering,
Oneoftheinterestingthingsaboutlanguagesisthewaytheychangeovertime.InEnglish,everythingfromspellingtovocabula
TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,______coulddopennilessbynextyear.
Whatistheoppositeof"hardly"?A.rarely;B.alot;C.little;D.poorly;E.never;
ThomasMalthuspublishedhisEssayonthePrincipleofPopulationalmost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeing
随机试题
事业生涯的横向变动中,横向的部门是与个人的以下哪几方面相关的领域?
心肌梗死的常规二级预防包括
买卖双方按成交协议签订合同,允许买方在交付一定的费用后,取得在特定时间内按照协议价格买卖一定数量证券的权利,这种交易是()。
面试的发展趋势有()。
在实际教学中,遇到学生在1500米跑的开始阶段出现呼吸困难、胸闷、肌肉酸软无力、动作迟缓不协调、心率剧增及精神低落等一系列暂时性生理机能低下的综合特征时,应让学生()。
义务教育阶段英语课程使用的教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。请简述义务教育阶段英语教材编写时应遵循的原则。
人民警察内务建设的原则是()
在3~4世纪蛮族入侵罗马帝国的时候,袭击不列颠海岸的是()。
Musicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrain.Schoolsshouldaddmusicclasses,notcutthem.Nearly20yearsago,a
在一个非零无符号二进制整数之后添加一个0,则此数的值为原数的()。
最新回复
(
0
)