首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
When European education ministers met in Bologna in 1999 and promised within a decade to forge a common market for universities,
When European education ministers met in Bologna in 1999 and promised within a decade to forge a common market for universities,
admin
2012-03-23
36
问题
When European education ministers met in Bologna in 1999 and promised within a decade to forge a common market for universities, it seemed mere Euro-rhetoric. Big obstacles stopped students nipping abroad for a term, or getting degrees recognized. Many countries offered no degree below Masters level. Some examined course modules separately, others all in one go. Under the Erasmus programmed many students traveled to other European countries for between a term and a year—but they often found their universities reluctant to give them credit for it.
Yet on April 28th no fewer than 46 European education ministers—from the European Union and 19 other countries, including Russia and Turkey—will gather in another ancient university city, Leaven, to declare the "Bologna process" a triumph. A "European credit-transfer system" is on its way; next year will bring a "European higher education area". There will be a standardized "diploma supplement" giving details of what students have learnt. And three-year Bachelors degrees followed by two-year Masters are now the general rule, with few exceptions.
"The big surprise was that the Bologna process worked at all," says Jean-Marc Rapp, president of the European University Association. Bologna is neither an inter-governmental treaty nor an EU law. It credits the eastern European countries that joined Bologna in 1999 for some of the success. Their governments were itching to reform communist-era universities and delighted to have a template for it and their students were wild to travel.
Another reason why some governments embraced Bologna was to give cover for reforms they wanted anyway. Shorter, more work-related degrees appealed to the Germans, keen to stop students hanging on for years at taxpayers’ expense. In France, changes to university financing have been called "Bologna". In Spain "Bologna" is the excuse for introducing fees for Masters degrees.
Many students now anathematize "Bologna" as a capitalist plot. They plan protests in given; already, students have taken to the streets in France, Italy, Spain and Greece. The resemblance to the Anglo-American system, plus Bologna’s emphasis on graduate employability, is big grievances. Some academics fret that the secret aim is to privatize universities. Bologna’s endorsement of more autonomy could lead (horrors!) to more freedom for universities in hiring, promotion and pay.
Europe is littered with historic universities (Bologna is the oldest, founded in 1088). But the paucity of European institutions and the ubiquity of American ones at the top of international league tables are a constant reminder of the gap between glorious past and mediocre present. For believers, Bologna shows the way to a future that will be glorious once more.
Yet this vision of self-governing universities, footloose students and job ready graduates omits one big reason for European universities’ decline: money. In America, the gap between what governments pay and what universities need is made up privately, mainly by tuition fees. In most of Europe students pay nothing. Even in England, tuition fees are capped by the government at low levels.
Europe’s universities have seen funding per student fall behind wage inflation by 1—2% a year over three decades. America devotes far more of its GDP to higher education. Burgle, a Brussels-based think-tank, finds that universities carrying out top-class research and leading league tables have both more autonomy and more money. If Europe delivers only one of these, it may not be enough.
The words paucity and ubiquity are of______meanings.
选项
A、contrary
B、similar
C、irrelevant
D、identical
答案
A
解析
细节题。回文定位到第六段第二个句子,此题解题线索关键在于抓住该句的主干。主干为the paucity and the ubiquity are a reminder of the gap,“……是对这个落差的提醒”,由此可推断这两个词是对立的关系,更多线索来自于gap的修饰语“glorious past”,“mediocre present”,也形成了鲜明的对比,故选项[A]“相反”符合题意。paucity“少量,缺乏”;ubiquity“到处存在,普遍存在”。选项[B]“相似的”、[C]“无关的”、[D]“完全相同的”都不能表示出题干中两个词的对比关系,故全部排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KniO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Accordingtotheprescriptiverule,whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbeconsideredawrongsentence?
AreFamiliesNecessary?Ashumanchildrenareunusually【1】foranunusuallylongtime,it’sobviousthateverysocietymustp
Nooneknowswhenthefirstcalendarwasdeveloped.Butitseemspossiblethatitwasbasedonlunarmonths.Whenpeoplestarted
LanguageFamiliesAllofthelanguageswithinalanguagefamilyare【1】andallofthemhaveasimilarhistory.Let’stakeabr
______iscelebratedasAustralia’sNationalDay.
Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesinspiteoftheirproducts’manifest
Fishermenonthehighseashaveplentyofworries,nottheleastofwhichareboattossingstorms,territorialsquabblesandeve
Dickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwriterof______.
A、coexistenceB、environmentalprotectionC、internationalcooperationD、reconciliationB
随机试题
________指没有法定或约定的义务,为避免他人利益受损失而进行管理或服务的行为。不当得利指没有法律或合同上的根据取得利益。造成他人受损害。受损失的一方有权请求不当得利人返还所得利益。
在等容舒张期,心脏瓣膜的状态是()
与类风湿因子特异性结合的是
某技术改造项目拟引进国外设备,据调研同类项目通常投资额为3000万元人民币,年生产费用通常水平应为1200万元人民币,基准收益率为10%,技术水平、质量水平可按一般水平为通常水平,现有3个方案可供选择。A方案:引进设备(I)总费用为4000万元人民币,年
平开窗扇高度大于900mm时,窗扇锁闭点不应少于()个。
下面关于金融工具和金融市场叙述错误的是()。
战国时期,甘德和石申的《甘石星经》是世界上最早的天文学著作。()
某高中鼓励体育教师运用多种组织形式进行体育课教学,老师们积极创新,以下是三位老师的课堂组织形式。A教师按照自然教学班为单位进行教学。B教师和其他老师合作,将两个平行班放在一起授课,男生一个班,女生一个班分别授课。C教师让同学自
培养和提高教师素养的主要途径。(华南师范大学2015年研、扬州大学、四川师范大学2016年研)
OldageintheUnitedStatespresentsmanyproblemsandopportunities.Asaresultof【B1】______medicalservices,peoplelivelon
最新回复
(
0
)