首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How Safe Is Your Cell Phone? A) It takes a little extra work to get in touch with Andrea Boland. The Maine state representa
How Safe Is Your Cell Phone? A) It takes a little extra work to get in touch with Andrea Boland. The Maine state representa
admin
2023-01-30
29
问题
How Safe Is Your Cell Phone?
A) It takes a little extra work to get in touch with Andrea Boland. The Maine state representative answers e-mails and lists her business and home phone numbers on the Web. But unlike many politicians who use cell phones, she keeps her cell switched off unless she’s expecting a call. If she continues to remain this, everyone in Maine will think about her comments on their mobiles.
B) In March, Maine’s legislature will begin debating a bill she submitted that would require manufacturers to put a warning label on every cell phone sold in the state declaring, "This device emits electromagnetic radiation, exposure to which may cause brain cancer." Her warning would continue, "Users, especially children and pregnant women, should keep this device away from the head and body. "
C) For those of you now eyeing your cell phones suspiciously, it’s worth noting that both the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the World Health Organization (WHO) say there isn’t evidence to support the assertion that cell phones are a public-health threat. But a number of scientists are worried that there has been a dangerous rush to declare cell phones safe, using studies they feel are inadequate and too often weighted toward the wireless industry’s interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Lai determined that far more independent studies than industry-funded studies have found at least some type of biological effect from cell phone exposure.
D) Several countries—including Finland, Israel and France—have issued guidelines for cell phone use. And San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom, who began researching the issue when his wife was expecting their first child, is hoping his city will adopt legislation that would have manufacturers print radiation information on cell phone packaging and handbooks and require retailers to display the data on the sales floor.
E) With 270 million Americans and 4 billion people around the world using cell phones—and increasing every day—a strong link between mobiles and cancer could have major public-health implications. As cell phones make and take calls, they emit low-level radio-frequency (RF) radiation. Stronger than FM radio signals, these RF waves are still a billionth the intensity of radiation which can cause cancer such as X-rays. The wireless industry contends that RF radiation lacks the strength to alter molecules in the human body; the Federal Communications Commission maximum for cell phone-signal exposure is intended to prevent RF radiation from heating tissue to the point that cells are damaged. Cell phone RF radiation’s "effect on the body, at least at this time, appears to be insufficient to produce genetic damage typically associated with developing cancer", Dr. Robert Hoover, director of the National Cancer Institute’s Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, testified at a congressional hearing.
F) But the body of research is far from conclusive. Lai’s study showing that a single two-hour exposure of RF radiation—at levels considered safe by U. S. standards—produced the sort of genetic damage in rats’ brain cells that can lead to cancer. Though subsequent researchers— often funded in part by the wireless industry—failed to support Lai’s results, a European Union-funded study reported similar findings. Dariusz Leszczynski, a research professor at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Helsinki, has done studies indicating that RF radiation may create a stress reaction in the cells that line blood vessels, leading to a dangerous breach in the blood-brain barrier. "Mobile-phone radiation may be able to indirectly hurt cells, perhaps by interfering with their ability to repair normal DNA damage," he says. "Given the scientific uncertainty, it’s early to say the use of cell phones is safe."
G) If RF radiation increases the chances of developing brain cancer, it should show up in long-term studies of cell phone users. But many studies have found no clear connection, including a Danish Cancer Society study of 421 000 cell phone users, which led many in the media to conclude that mobiles are harmless. Now, "peer-reviewed scientific evidence has overwhelmingly indicated that wireless devices do not pose a risk," says John Walls, a spokesman for CTIA, a global wireless association.
H) There are problems with many of these studies, however. For starters, the Danish one—which reviewed the medical records of people who had signed up for cell phones from 1982 to 2015— didn’t include all the business users, who were among the earliest users and most intensive users, because they were not billed directly. Also, the study looked only at tumors that were diagnosed by 2005—not long after daily use of cell phones became widespread. Brain cancers can take several decades to develop, so it might be many years before measuring the cancer rates. "The latency (潜伏) period we have is far too short," says Dr. Siegal Sadetzki, a cancer researcher at Israel’s Gertner Institute whose studies have found some connections between cell phone use and salivary-gland (唾液腺) tumors. "And today, people are using the phone much more heavily."
I) Sadetzki served as Israel’s principal investigator in the Interphone study, which was conducted over the past several years by 13 countries, most of them European. The Interphone results initially were to be published in 2018, but the final report has been postponed repeatedly, and the study investigators are reportedly deeply divided. In the U. S. , which isn’t one of the Interphone countries, the National Toxicology Program is launching studies of the health effects of cell phones. But peer-reviewed results won’t be available until at least 2029.
J) That’s a long time to wait for the last result. The good news is that there are easy ways for those concerned about RF radiation to cut down on exposure. Using your cell phone’s speaker or connecting a wired headset—while keeping the handset away from your body—drastically reduces RF exposure. Bluetooth headsets help too, but they still emit some radiation. And given the potentially more serious risks for children, who have thinner skulls than adults, parents might want to wait before handing teens their first phone—or at least ensure they use it mostly for texting.
K) Meanwhile, a start-up, Pong Research, is selling cell phone cases that significantly reduce radiation exposure by channeling waves away from the head. Alfred Wong, Pong’s chief scientist and a professor emeritus (荣誉退休者) of physics at UCLA, says, "I think it’s best to avoid as much of the risk as possible until the verdict is in."
L) That’s exactly what Boland and other advocates of warning labels are arguing. It’s true that cell phone use has yet to be linked to cancer risk. "Scientifically speaking, we don’t have the proof yet," says Sadetzki, "But as a public-health concern, I’m saying we definitely should adopt precautions. "
It is difficult to contact Andrea Boland, because she turns off her cell phone most of the time.
选项
答案
A
解析
由题干中的Andrea Boland和turns off her cell phone定位到A)段第一句和第三句。细节归纳题。由定位句可知,要额外花费一些工夫才能联系上安德莉亚.波兰德,她与那些使用手机的诸多政客不同,除非是特意等候他人来电,否则她的手机一直处于关机状态。题干是对定位句的概括归纳,故A)符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KoqD777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Thereisamythouttherethattoomanypeoplebelieve:thatwhenwereachacertainage,wecannolongerbehappy,independent
Thereisamythouttherethattoomanypeoplebelieve:thatwhenwereachacertainage,wecannolongerbehappy,independent
Ifthereisanyendeavorwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavorissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,ta
Embracingfailureisaclicheofthebusinessworld.ButasMatthewSyed,ajournalistatTheTimes,showsinanewbook,Black
Embracingfailureisaclicheofthebusinessworld.ButasMatthewSyed,ajournalistatTheTimes,showsinanewbook,Black
Embracingfailureisaclicheofthebusinessworld.ButasMatthewSyed,ajournalistatTheTimes,showsinanewbook,Black
Embracingfailureisaclicheofthebusinessworld.ButasMatthewSyed,ajournalistatTheTimes,showsinanewbook,Black
Ifresearcherscandetermineexactlywhatiswrongwithpeoplewhosufferfromthiscondition,theymaybeabletosuggesttreat
PASSAGETWO(1)Overacenturyhaspassedsincethedangersofconsumingleadbecamewidelyknown.Ingestingevensmallquantit
Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofactivitiesrecentlytopromotebook-readinghabitamongitscitizens.Theactivitiesincludebook
随机试题
血液的运行离不开气的功能,说明了气与血的关系是
下述利尿药中,不宜与氨基糖苷类抗生素合用的是
A公司中标一城市主干道拓宽改造工程,道路基层结构为150mm石灰土和400mm水泥稳定碎石,面层为。150mm沥青混凝土。总工期为7个月。开工前,项目部做好了施工交通准备工作,编制了交通导行方案,以减少施工对群众社会经济生活的影响;同时根据有关资料,结啥-
对存在重大耗能和污染风险的授信企业应实行名单式管理。()
某工业制造公司设备先进,产品市场较广阔,技术人员与生产工人素质较高,但生产积极性未充分调动起来,经过细致分析,公司认识到主要是薪酬分配的激励性不够,于是准备调整和完善奖金制度,使其在绩效与薪酬间建立起密切的联系,从而引导员工行为,以实现企业的战略发展目标。
MoreAmericanmothersthaneverareworking,andmoreworkersaremothers.Yettheirmarchintotheworldofpaidworkcontinues
分析东欧国家选择斯大林政治经济体制的主要原因。
打开考生文件夹下的演示文稿yswg.pptx,按照下列要求完成对此文稿的修饰并保存。为整个演示文稿应用“穿越”主题。全部幻灯片切换效果为“旋转”,效果选项为“自左侧”。放映方式为“观众自行浏览”。
FortheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,brandrecognitioncanmeanlife(31)death.Toserveitsmissionof(32)human
Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances_____thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.
最新回复
(
0
)