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  3. Friendship heightens the sense of each person’s individuality. In Germany, adolescents form deeply sentimental attachments, not

Friendship heightens the sense of each person’s individuality. In Germany, adolescents form deeply sentimental attachments, not

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问题     Friendship heightens the sense of each person’s individuality. In Germany, adolescents form deeply sentimental attachments, not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each other’s and their inner life.
    Appropriately, in Germany friends are usually brought into the family. Children call their father’s and their mother’s friends "uncle" and "aunt". Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the agreement of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life. But for Germans, that matter of both is regarded as a tragedy.
    English friendships follow still another pattern. Their basis is shared activity. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they walk or play a game or tell stories or serve on a tiresome and exciting committee with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation. Americans who have made English friends comment that, even years later, "You can take up just where you left off." Meeting after a long interval, friends are like a couple who begin to dance again when the orchestra strikes up after a pause. English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as in Germany contrapuntal to the family nor are they, as in France, separated from the family.
    And a break in an English friendship comes not necessarily as a result of some irreconcilable difference of viewpoint or feeling but instead as a result of misjudgment, where one friend seriously misjudge how the other will think or feel or act, so that they are suddenly out of step.
    What then is friendship? Looking at these different styles, are there any common elements? There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship, invokes freedom of choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take. These similarities make the bridge between societies possible, and the American’s characteristic openness to different styles of relationship makes it possible for him to find new friends abroad with whom he feels at home.
What is or are considered as a tragedy in Germans’ friendship?
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答案Lively disagreement and sharpness of argument
解析 参见第2段第2～4行：Between French friends，who have chosen each other for the agreement of their point of view，lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life．But for Germans，that matter of both is regarded as a tragedy．其大意是：对法国人的友情来说，激烈的争执和辩论是至关重要的。而对德国人来说，这些都被认为是悲剧。
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