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  3. In The Art of Choosing, Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia University and a leading expert on decision making, tel

In The Art of Choosing, Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia University and a leading expert on decision making, tel

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问题     In The Art of Choosing, Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia University and a leading expert on decision making, tells us that making sound choices is even more difficult than we think. To learn how to make better decisions, we first need to become aware of the pitfalls(陷阱)we typically encounter.
    Iyengar reveals, for example, that having many options to choose from does not lead to better outcomes, despite popular assumptions to the contrary. For instance, she found that consumers were far more likely to buy jam when given fewer flavor choices, not more. "We frequently pay a mental and emotional tax for freedom of choice," she writes. To become better choosers, Iyengar proposes that when confronted with an abundance of options, people should focus first on the easiest elements of the decision and work up to the more complex parts.
    She illustrates this point using one study in which Audi buyers had to choose among 144 total car features. One group started with the features that required fewer options, such as whether they wanted leather or upholstered interiors, and worked up to features with many options, such as choosing among 56 colors for the car’s interior and exterior. The other group started with the hardest choices and moved toward the easier ones. In the end, those in the group that went from the hardest to easiest spent an average of 1,500 euros more on their cars than the other group and reported they were less happy with their decisions.
    Iyengar also explains that we often make decisions not based on our tastes but on how we think our decisions will be perceived. In 2000 a team of psychologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University showed that people receiving a free sample of beer chose against their tastes to avoid looking like copycats to their peers. Individuals who picked their beers in private, however, chose what they enjoyed and said they were happy with their decisions. Iyengar points out that the people who chose against their tastes were often unconscious of what motivated their decisions. Thus, she proposes that one way to avoid strong and sometimes silent influences is to try to become more aware of them in the first place.
    Ultimately, Iyengar wants us to recognize that our decisions—both the mundane(普通的)and momentous—are influenced by many factors and that the more we recognize those factors, the more satisfied we will be.
To make a good decision, Iyengar made the following suggestions EXCEPT that we need to______.
选项 A、know what difficulties we are facing with
B、have more options to select from
C、notice those strong and silent influences at first
D、recognize more factors affecting our decisions
答案B
解析 细节题。原文第二段第一句指出，艾杨格表示，拥有更多的选项并不能带来更好的结果，由此可知，[B]“拥有更多的选项来供我们选择”并不是艾杨格所提出的建议，故为本题答案。原文第一段最后一句指出，要学会如何做出更好的决定，我们首先需要认识到那些我们通常会遇到的陷阱，[A]“知道我们所面临的困难”符合该建议所表述的内容，故排除；原文第四段最后一句指出艾杨格提出，有一种方式能避免这些强大的、潜移默化的、影响因素，那就是从一开始我们就更加了解这些影响因素，[C]“首先注意这些潜移默化的、强大的影响因素”符合该句文意，故排除；原文最后一段表明，艾杨格想让我们认识到，我们的决定一一不论是普通的还是重大的——都受到许多因素的影响，并且我们对这些因素的认识越多，我们就会感到越满意，[D]“意识到更多的影响我们决定的因素”正是艾杨格在本段所提出的建议，故也排除。
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