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  3. Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to

admin2018-04-19  36
问题    Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
   Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms: if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
   But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
   Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.
   John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
   Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:
   dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions______.
选项 A、can be associative
B、are not unconscious
C、can be dangerous
D、are not impulsive
答案A
解析 细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段。倒数第二句“我们不知不觉地将快餐和速度以及急躁联系以来，并将那些冲动反应付诸我们正在做的其他事情中”，表明A项“有联系的”是正确的，associative是原文associate的同义复现。B项“并非无意识的”和C项“危险的”原文未提及，D项“不冲动的”与原文意思相反。
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