2. 外语
  3. A = The Imperial Palace B = The Temple of Heaven C = Potala Palace D = Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple… . is the spirit

A = The Imperial Palace B = The Temple of Heaven C = Potala Palace D = Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple… . is the spirit

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问题     A = The Imperial Palace B = The Temple of Heaven C = Potala Palace D = Jokhang Temple Which palace or temple…
   . is the spiritual center of Tibet?                                            【P1】________
   . is circular in the northern part while square in the southern part?          【P2】________
   . presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture? 【P3】________
   . covers a building space of 90 thousand square meters?                        【P4】________
   . is the oldest one among the four in the text?                                【P5】________
   . can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen?                  【P6】________
   . is a combination of architectural styles from Han, Tibetan and Nepalese?     【P7】________
   . was the religious and political center of old Tibet?                         【P8】________
   . is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side?             【P9】________
   . presents an edict signed with the Great Fifth’s handprint?                   【P10】________
                                                A
                                         The Imperial Palace
    What strikes one first in a bird’s-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years—from 1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.
    Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.
    The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.
                                                B
                                       The Temple of Heaven
    The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty (in 1420). Situated in the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuilding during the Ming, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious; the dignified environment appears solemn and respectful. It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty’s Emperors to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implying "sky is round and earth is square" to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. The most important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven, The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the Seven-Star Stone and others of historic interest and scenic beauty. The Temple of Heaven is a comprehensive expression of the unique construction techniques from Ming and Qing Dynasties; it is China’s most treasured ancient architecture; it is also the world’s largest architectural complex for worshipping heaven. In 1998, it was included in the "list of the world heritages" by the United Nation’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
                                                C
                                          Potala Palace
    In 641, after marrying Princess Wencheng, Songtsen Gampo decided to build a grand palace to accommodate her and let his descendants remember the event. However, the original palace was destroyed due to a lightening strike and succeeding warfare during Landama’s reign. In the seventeenth century under the reign of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Potala was rebuilt. The Thirteenth Dalai Lama expanded it to today’s scale. The monastery—like palace, reclining against and capping Red Hill, was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palace of Dalai Lamas. The palace is more than 117 meters (384 feet) in height and 360 (1,180 feet) in width, occupying a building space of 90 thousand square meters. Potala is composed of White Palace and Red Palace. The former is for secular use while the latter is for religious.
    The White Palace consists of offices, dormitories, a Buddhist official seminary and a printing house. From the east entrance of the palace, painted with images of Four Heaveniy Kings, a broad corridor upwards leads to DeyangShar courtyard, which used to be where Dalai Lamas watched operas. A foot the large and open courtyard, there used to be a seminary dormitories. West of the courtyard is the White Palace. There are three ladder stairs reaching inside of it, however, the central one was reserved for only Dalai Lamas and central government magistrates dispatched to
    Tibet. In the first hallway, there are huge murals describing the construction of Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple and the procession of Princess Wencheng reaching Tibet. On the south wall, visitors will see an edict signed with the Great Fifth’s handprint. The White Palace mainly serves as the political headquarter and Dalai Lamas’ living quarters. The West Chamber of Sunshine and the East Chamber of Sunshine lie as the roof of the White Palace. They belonged to the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and the Fourteenth Dalai Lama respectively. Beneath the East Chamber of Sunshine is the largest hall in the White Palace, where Dalai Lamas ascended throne and ruled Tibet.
                                                D
                                         Jokhang Temple
    Jokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet. Everyday pilgrims from every comer of Tibet trek a long distance to the temple. Some of them even progress prostrate by body length to the threshold of the temple. Pilgrims fuel myriad of flickering butter lamps with yak butter, or honor their deities with white scarves (Khabtags or Hada) while murmuring sacred mantras to show their pieties to the Buddha.
    It lies at the center of the old Lhasa. Built in 647 by Songtsen Gampo and his two foreign wives, it has a history of more than 1,300. It was said that Nepal Princess Tritsun decided to build a temple to house the Jowo Sakyamuni aged 12 brought by Chinese Princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng reckoned according to Chinese astrology that the temple should be built on the pool where the Jokhang now locates. She contended that the pool was a witch’s heart, so the temple should be built on the pool to get rid of evils. The pool still exists under the temple. Then goats were used as the main pack animals, as is the reason the city is called Lhasa. The construction took 12 months. However, it was originally small and had been expanded to today’s scale in later dynasties. When the Fifth Dalai Lama took reign, large-scale reconstruction and renovation had been done. The temple is a combination of Han, Tibetan and Nepalese architectural techniques. Visitors will see sphinx and other weird and sacred sculptures.
【P8】
选项
答案C
解析 题目问：哪座宫殿或建筑是旧西藏的宗教政治中心? 根据C篇中第一段第五句话“The monastery—like palace…was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palace of Dalai Lamas. ”可知，宫殿般的修道院……是旧西藏的宗教和政治中心，也是达赖喇嘛的冬宫，故选C。
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