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  3. Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

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问题     Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others) occur alone. This is called high-functioning autism, or Asperger’s syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is declining.
    What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women—so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme demonstration of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.
    Moreover, what is true of autism is true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed around three times more often in boys than in girls. "Intellectual disability", a catch-all term for inborn low IQ, is 30-50% more common in boys, as is epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.
    Autism’s precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known that make someone with them more vulnerable to the condition.
    Most of these mutations are as common in women as in men, so one explanation for the divergent incidence is that male brains are more vulnerable than female ones to equivalent levels of genetic disruption. This is called the female-protective model. The other broad explanation, social-bias theory, is that the difference is illusory. Girls are being under-diagnosed because of differences either in the ways they are assessed, or in the ways they cope with the condition, rather than because they actually have it less. Some researchers claim, for example, that girls are better able to hide their symptoms.
It can be concluded from the third paragraph that_________.
选项 A、ADHD is actually a genetic disease
B、girls are more likely to have epilepsy
C、an autist definitely has other mental disorders
D、autism often happens with other cognitive disorders
答案D
解析 推断题。根据题干提示定位到第三段。选项[A]的ADHD容易定位，原文并未提到ADHD是一种genetic disease“遗传病”，该项属于无中生有，可以排除。选项[B]的陌生词epilepsy可以帮我们迅速定位到该段第四行。原文提到“…more common in boys，as is epilepsy”，由此可以得知，男孩更可能患上这种病症，故该项表述错误。选项[C]的definitely一词过于绝对，该段最后一句指出“For instance，children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD”，原文说自闭症患者常常同时患上其他病症，并没有说definitely“肯定”．故该项错误。由该段的第四句“In fact，these disorders frequently show up in combination”，即“事实上，这些症状经常一起出现”，可以判断选项[D]是正确的。
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