首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2013-02-16
53
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions: at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate — are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hypnosis to compare auditory hallucinations and imagined sounds?
选项
A、The high level of realism involved in auditory hallucinations but not in the experience of external sounds.
B、The observed similarities between visual and auditory hallucinations in hypnotized subjects.
C、The fact that both auditory hallucinations and simple imagining are generated by the research subjects.
D、The blood flow in areas activated by simple imagining but not by auditory hallucination.
答案
D
解析
推理题。解题点在文章第一段最后一句。文章提到“By monitoring regional blood flow in areasactivated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining,the investigatorssought to determine…”,可知通过监视不同条件下的局部血流量,研究人员试图找到幻听和想象的声音之间的区别,所以正确答案是D选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LEmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicfights:therighttopr
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【41】anongoingstraggleagainst【42】andindif
Doesanunbornbabyknowhismother’svoice?PsychologyprofessorAnthonyDeCasperadvisedaningeniousexperimenttofindout.
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirres
Formostofus,theworkisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparing
Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbrought
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomen【1】ahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asa【2】,thew
Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethani
随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起,劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化,这在新教国家表现得尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措,心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救,表明他是
我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看:多看看他人,多阅他乡,不但可以认识世界,亦可认识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮,谢灵运在世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊,翻山越岭;有人骑自行车环游天下。这些都令我羡慕。我所优为的,却是驾车长征,去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更爱旅行,所
随机试题
艺术的特征是什么?
有关Ⅱ期临床试验的正确描述是
A.阿司匹林B.毛果芸香碱C.丙米嗪D.异丙嗪E.甘露醇属脱水药的是
下列关于流动性风险与各类主要风险的关系的说法,正确的有()。
居民陈某,身体虚弱,经常打针吃药,已参加城镇职工基本医疗保险;低保对象王某,身体健康,未参加城镇职工基本医疗保险;居民李某,因家中失火,财产损失殆尽,本人严重烧伤,欠下巨额医疗费用,已参加城镇职工基本医疗保险。上述三人中属于城市医疗救助对象的是()
根据《义务教育音乐课程标准(2011年版)》,分析下面案例片段。某教师在《走进西藏》的演唱教学中,导入时,播放《青藏高原》等歌曲(5分钟)。首先让同学们“说”西藏,讨论饮食习惯、生活方式、宗教、建筑等西藏的风土人情;然后让同学们今昔对比,“比”西藏、“赞
根据以下材料,完成问题。通过求职倍率曲线,我们可以推出的结论是()。Ⅰ.该市的劳动力市场劳动力供需比例失调的局面正逐步得到改善。Ⅱ.2001年第一季度,该市失业的人数应是2001~2003年问最多的时期。Ⅲ.20
法律是治国之重器,良法是善治之前提。纵观我国立法现状,社会主义法律体系已经建立起来,但随着社会形势的发展,一些法律还需要及时修改和制定。《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》指出,明确立法权力边界,从体制机制和工作程序上有效防止()。
(2009湖南)12个啤酒空瓶可以免费换1瓶啤酒,现有101个啤酒空瓶,最多可以免费喝到的啤酒为:
维护公共秩序对经济社会健康发展的重要意义在于有序的公共生活()
最新回复
(
0
)