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  3. The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, an

The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, an

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问题      The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, and impressionistic ways of doing research are superseded by a far more systematic and united methodology. To bring social sciences to the level of rigor already achieved by some of the physical sciences, a new type of facility will be needed. This will be a trans-disciplinary, Internet-based collaboratory that will provide social and behavioral scientists with the databases, software and hardware tools, and other resources to conduct worldwide research that integrates experimental, survey, geographic, and economic methodologies on a much larger scale than was possible previously. This facility will enable advanced research and  professional  education in economics,  sociology,  political  science,  social geography, and related fields.
     In many branches of social sciences, a new emphasis on the rigor of formal laboratory experimentation has driven researchers to develop procedure and software to conduct online interaction experiment using computer terminals attached to local area networks. The opportunity to open these laboratories to the Internet will reduce the cost per research participant and increase greatly the number of institutions, researchers, students, and research participants who can take part. The scale of social sciences experimentation can increase by an order of magnitude or more, examining a much wider range of phenomena and ensuring great confidence in results through multiple replication of crucial studies.
     Technology  for  administering  questionnaires  to  very  large  numbers  of respondents over the Internet will revolutionize survey research. Data from past questionnaire surveys can be the springboard for new surveys with vastly larger numbers of respondents at lower cost than by traditional methods. Integrated researches can combine modules using both questionnaire and experimental methods.Results can be linked via geographic analysis to other sources of data including census information, economic statistics, and data from other experiments and surveys. Longitudinal studies will conduct time-series comparisons across data sets to chart social and economic trends. Each new study will be designed so that the data automatically and instantly becomes part of the archives, and scientific publications will be linked to the data sets on which they are based so that the network becomes a universal knowledge system.
The greatest advantage with the Internet-based collaboratory may lie in
选项 A、the greater cost reduction and availability of data in research.
B、its promptness in putting research results into practice.
C、its capability to reexamine the validity of traditional research.
D、its potentiality in integrating social sciences into physical sciences.
答案A
解析 细节题。文章第二段指出：向互联网开放这些实验室将会降低每个研究参与者的研究成本，大幅度增加能够参与研究的机构、研究人员、学者以及其他研究参与者的人数；通过一个或多个数量级可以将社会科学的实验规模提高，从而可以研究更广泛的现象，并通过多次重复关键性研究确保研究结果的可信度；第三段指出：过去的问卷调查得到的数据可以用作新调查的依据，使得新调查比利用传统方法进行调查的成本更低，被调查的人数也多得多；还可以把地域分析和其他来源的数据结合起来得出结论。这说明，这种方法最大的优势是降低成本与提高精确度。这与A的意思相符。文中是说“纵向研究将对各类数据进行历时比较，以便绘制出社会和经济的发展趋势”，而文中并没有说这是以互联网为基础的“公共实验室”的好处，所以B不对；文中没有提到C；文中是说“综合性研究可以联合使用问卷和实验方法的模式”，说明D不对。  
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