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  3. Honesty is the best policy，as the English saying goes．Unfortunately，honesty often deserts us when no one is watching．British’psy

Honesty is the best policy，as the English saying goes．Unfortunately，honesty often deserts us when no one is watching．British’psy

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问题 Honesty is the best policy，as the English saying goes．Unfortunately，honesty often deserts us when no one is watching．British’psychologists reported last week．
Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department’s Coffee room．They set a kettle，with tea，coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks．People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby．The scientists hung a poster above the money box，and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers．The researchers found that staff paid 2．76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung．“Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect．”aid Gilbert Roberts，one of the researohers．
Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual(感官的)signal for humans．“Even though the eyes were not real．they still seemed to make people behave more honestly．”said Melissa Bateson，a behavior al biologist and leader ofthe study．
Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past．It may arise from behavioral features that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival．For social groups to work，individuals had to co-operate，rather than act selfishly．“There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us，it is in our interests to behave selfishly．But when we’re being watched we should behave better．So people see us as cooperative and behave the same way towards us．”Bateson said．The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes．That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we．have evolved to respond to．The finding could be put to practical use，too．For example，images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and im prove supervision systems to prevent antisocial behavior．
选项 A、people enjoy free drinks more than paid ones
B、most people are dishonest if nobody is watching
C、people like pictures of flowers more than pictures of eyes
D、people are more honest when watched by pictures of eyes
答案D
解析  英语有云：诚实是最好准则。英国心理学家指出：不幸的是，当没有人发现的时候，诚实总是 离我们远去。研究者在纽卡斯尔大学的心理学系的咖啡厅内做了一项实验。他们放了一个在柜台上放了 一个水壶，并且伴有茶、咖啡以及牛奶并且标上价格供人们自助饮用。饮用者需要在旁边的盒子 里投入一定的钱。科学家们在放钱的盒子上面每周交替着贴上画有眼睛和鲜花的海报。研究者 们发现，在贴有眼睛的海报的投钱率是贴有鲜花的海报的2．76倍多。“坦白的说，对于这样的结 果我们是非常震惊的。”研究者Glibert Roberts说。
眼睛被视为人类最有力量的感官特征，该项研究的核心人物行为生物学者Melissa Bateson 说道：“尽管这个眼睛不是真的，它们仍然能使人们的行为表现的诚实。”
研究者们确信这个结果清楚的显示出入类的进化过程，这样的现象发生于早期的人类形成 社会群体的发展过程中。社会群体的工作，个人的合作远胜于自己的行动。Bateson说道：“这也 产生了一个争论，如果没有人看着我们，大家就习惯于自私，但是，如果有人看着我们，我们就会 做的很好，这是否说明，人们看我们就是一个合作的群体并且也用同样的方式做。” 最新的发现告诉我们，人们对于眼睛有强烈的反应。也许是由于眼睛和脸庞传达了一个强 烈的生理信号使我们必须去做出回应。这个发现也同样用于实践，例如，眼睛的画像能增加公车 票的售出量，并且加强对那些危害社会行为的监管力度。

在纽卡斯尔大学进行的试验表明________。A．与付费饮料相比，人们更喜欢免费的饮料B．如果没有人看着，大多数人都是不诚实的C．与眼睛的画相比，人们更喜欢画花的画D．当人们受到画有眼睛的那幅画的监督时，人们会更诚实 线索：文章一开头就指出：Honesty is the best policy，as the English saying goes．Unfortunately， honesty often deserts us when no one is watching．诚实是最佳的为人处世之道。然而，如果没有 人监视，诚实会抛弃我们。因此，科学家们所做的实验就是为了弄清楚诚实与监视是否有关 系。结果他们发现：The researchers found that staff paid 2．76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung．在悬挂那幅凝视的眼睛画期间，收到的钱款是悬挂鲜花图案期间 的钱款2．76倍多。因此，此实验的核心是证明两幅不同的画是否产生同样的效果，故D是 正确答案。选项B里的条件(当没有人监视时)不对。
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