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  3. Plant adaptation can be remarkably complex. Certain species of orchids, for instance, imitate female bees, other plants look and

Plant adaptation can be remarkably complex. Certain species of orchids, for instance, imitate female bees, other plants look and

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问题    Plant adaptation can be remarkably complex. Certain species of orchids, for instance, imitate female bees, other plants look and smell like animals, and still others have the appearance of stone. These strange adaptations to life represent just a few of the sophisticated means by which plants enhance their chances of survival.
   Mimicry in plants or animals is a three-part system. There is a model; the animal, plant, or substrate being imitated. There is a mimic; the organism that imitates the model. And there is a signal receiver or dupe; the animal that cannot effectively distinguish between the model and the mimic. Mimetic traits may include morphological structures, color patterns, behaviors, or other attributes of the mimic that promote its resemblance to a model. That model may be either an unrelated species or an inanimate objects such as the background against which an organism spends most of its time.
   Mimicry is not an active strategy on the part of an individual plant; flowers do no deliberately trick or deceive animals into visiting them. Mimicry arises as the result of evolution through natural selection and the occurrence of random generic mutations that lead over many generations to the appearance of favorable characteristics. If such traits help to camouflage a plant, for example, the plant is likely to have survival advantage over other plants that are less well camouflaged. The plant will leave more descendants, thereby passing the advantage to the next generation. For natural selection to favor the evolution of mimicry, the mimic must derive a reproductive advantage from modeling itself after another organism or object; its fitness, measured as the number of offspring produced that survive into the next generation must be increased as the result of deception.
When a male bee took the orchid as a female bee, the male bee was called
选项 A、amodel
B、amimic
C、a signal receiver
D、a substrate
答案C
解析 根据文章内容可知，植物或动物的模仿是一个三方体系。要有一个某方对象： 即被模仿的动物、植物或模板。要有一个模仿者：模仿模仿对象的有机体。还要有一个信号 接收者或受骗者：一个不能有效区分模仿者和被模仿者的动物。题目中的雄性蜜蜂将兰花当 做雌性蜜蜂，显然是信号接收者或受骗者。据此判断，答案是C。
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