首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
admin
2014-12-11
57
问题
Chinese Calligraphy
Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centuries in the history of China. Today it still has a place in museums.
I. Roles of calligraphy
A. a means of communication
B. a way of expressing the 【B1】 of nature 【B1】______
II. Characteristics of calligraphy
A. Calligraphy as an expressive art: to 【B2】 the 【B2】______
identity of a man
B. Calligraphy as a practical fine art: to be used as ornaments
III. Benefits of practicing calligraphy
A. getting one’s subconsciousness exercised
B. bringing about 【B3】 between the mind and the body 【B3】______
C. enabling one to enjoy healthy life and longevity
IV. Five basic script types in Chinese calligraphy
A. the Seal Script
— the oldest style, making a signature-like impression
— generally used in 【B4】 today 【B4】______
B. the Official or Clerical Script
— Characters appear 【B5】 : strokes often start thin 【B5】______
and end thick.
— still common in printing because of its elegance
C. the Regular Script
— Characters are regular, written 【B6】 . 【B6】______
— most widely used and the most legible
D. the Running Script
— Strokes may run into one another.
— Characters are less 【B7】 . 【B7】______
E. the Cursive Script
— a flowing style with few angular lines
— Strokes are altered or removed for smooth
writing or purpose 【B8】_ 【B8】______
V. Status and influence of calligraphy
A. an important 【B9】 for imperial court to select officials 【B9】______
B. an art unique to Asian cultures
C. a source of inspiration to 【B10】 【B10】______
【B8】
Chinese Calligraphy
Good morning, everyone. Today’s lecture is about Chinese calligraphy. In China, calligraphy is one of the four traditional Chinese arts, the other three being guqin, chess and painting. Calligraphy dates back to the earliest days in Chinese history, and is admired and displayed in museums just as paintings are.
[1] For the Chinese, the ancient art of the written word is not just a method of communication but also a means of expressing the dynamic forces of the natural world. By controlling the concentration of ink, the thickness and absorption of the paper, and the flexibility of the brush, the artist is free to produce an infinite variety of styles and forms. Chinese calligraphy serves the purpose of conveying thought but also shows the "abstract" beauty of the line. Rhythm, line, and structure are more perfectly embodied in calligraphy than in painting or sculpture.
[2] Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them", one can "read" the identity of the person through his or her handwriting. Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, [2] calligraphy is a reflection of a person’s emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, and accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life.
Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value. Moreover, calligraphy is often used to decorate articles of everyday use. Even on the ordinary, everyday level of life, beautiful writing is appreciated.
To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke until the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind. Calligraphy can temper a person into a state in which one can apply subconsciousness absorbed from daily practice to control the concentration of ink and the compatibility of font and size of each piece or word. [3] To the artist, calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and the body to choose the best styling in expressing the content of the passage. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise indeed for one’s physical and spiritual well being. Historically, many calligraphy artists were well known for their longevity.
Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the Seal Script (zhuanshu), the Official or Clerical Script (lishu), the Regular Script (kaishu), the Running Script (xingshu) and the Cursive Script (caoshu).
The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qin system of writing. It is the oldest style that continues to be widely practiced. [4] Today, this ancient style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals, hence the English name. Although seals, which make a signature-like impression, are carved in wood, jade and other materials, the script itself was originally written with brush and ink on paper, just like all other scripts.
The Official or Clerical Script developed from the Seal Script. [5] In general, characters are often "flat" in appearance, being wider than they are tall. The strokes may appear curved, and often start thin and end thick. Most noticeable is the dramatically flared tail of one dominant horizontal or downward-diagonal stroke, especially that to the lower right. This characteristic stroke has famously been called "silkworm head and wild goose tail" (cantou yanwei) in Chinese due to its distinctive shape.
The Clerical Script became mature in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty and replaced the Seal Script. Modern works in the Clerical Script tend to use the mature, late Han style, and may also use modernized character structures, resulting in a form as transparent and legible as Regular Script. The Clerical Script remains common as a typeface used for decorative purposes, but it is not commonly written.
The Regular Script (often called Standard Script or simply kaishu) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty. It emerged from a neatly written, early period semi-cursive form of clerical script. [6] As the name suggests, the Regular Script is "regular", with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully, the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other. The Regular Script is also the most easily and widely recognized style.
The Semi-cursive Script (xingshu), also called Running Script, approximates normal handwriting in which strokes and, more rarely, characters are allowed to run into one another. In writing in the Semi-cursive Script, the brush leaves the paper less often than in the Regular Script. [7] Characters appear less angular and rounder.
The Cursive Script (sometimes called Grass Script, caoshu) is a fully cursive script, and is hard to read. Entire characters may be written without lifting the brush from the paper at all, and characters are highly rounded and soft in appearance, with a noticeable lack of angular lines. [8] Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful, abstract appearance.
Chinese calligraphy was established as a "high art" form well before the Tang dynasty. It has continuously enjoyed a high status among the arts ever since. [9] During the imperial era, calligraphy was used as an important criterion for selection of executives to the Imperial court.
Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.
[10] Widely accepted by the West, many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern Western art. In the West, Picasso and Matisse are two artists who openly declared the influence by Chinese calligraphy on their works. Picasso even said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter."
OK, today we’ve introduced the ancient art of calligraphy, mainly the five basic script types. Next week, we’ll appreciate works of calligraphy masters throughout the history of China, thereby bringing an aesthetic dimension to your understanding of Chinese writing.
选项
答案
aesthetic
解析
在讲完行书的特点后,讲座紧接着谈到the Cursive Script(草书)的特点:写整个汉字时毛笔可能没从纸上提起过(即一气呵成),字体显得高度圆润、柔和,明显缺少棱角分明的线条。接着提到Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful,abstract appearance讲座中的“to create a beautiful,abstract appearance”可概括为“出于审美的目的”,所以最终答案为aesthetic。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LRdO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Inthesummerof1896,Mr.WilliamHolt,awealthymanufacturerofChicago,waslivingtemporarilyinalittletownofcentralNew
______istheofficialresidenceofBritishPrimeMinister.
AccordingtoChitra,______charactersareconsideredtobenotwelldepicted.
ConsideringhowjazzistranscribedinChinese(jueshi),youmaybemisledintoassumingthatitisanaristocraticculturalfor
Mostpeoplehaveexperiencedthefeeling,afterataxingmentalwork-out,thattheycannotbebotheredtomakeanymoredecision
诸位毕业同学:你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送你们,只好送你们一句话罢。这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭,不得已而做的,从今以后,你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一种专门
TheheadofgovernmentofUnitedKingdomis
Father’sheavilystarchedshirtstoo,wereaproblem.Whenheputoneon,hepulleditdownoverhishead,andthrusthisarmsb
Theyearwhichprecededmyfather’sdeathmadegreatchangeinmylife.IhadbeenlivinginNewJersey,workingindefenseplan
随机试题
男孩,5岁,洗澡时发现右腹部包块1个月。查体:右上腹包块,肋缘下3cm可及,质软。超声显示右肾严重积水,肾皮质厚度0.5cm。患儿不能配合静脉肾盂造影检查。在镇痛麻醉下经超声引导右肾盂穿刺造瘘及造影显示肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄,造瘘管引流尿量每天约400m
在划分地区管辖时,为什么要以犯罪地为主?
关于肾筋膜和肾周间隙的描述,错误的为
用于产后水肿尤宜的药物是
A、游离水杨酸B、游离肼C、洋地黄皂苷D、其他甾体E、酮体;以下药物中应检查的特殊杂质是异烟肼
在操场玩耍的过程中,9岁罗某不慎将6岁白某的胳膊弄伤,双方家长就赔偿问题发生争执,诉至人民法院本案中应确定()
某公园内有个奇怪的摊主小周,他只在星期一、星期二、星期三、星期五和星期六工作,而且他只出售4种商品:玩具汽车、充气气球、橡皮泥和遥控飞机。每个工作日,他上午只卖1种商品,下午只卖1种商品,而且还知道如下条件:(1)小周在而且只在两个连续的下午卖玩具汽车;
偶然打开电视,正播《西游记》中《三打白骨精》一折。剧情可以倒背如流,不知为什么竟看得入神,屏幕上晃动些什么,其实并不重要。看毕,我终于相信:一部《红楼梦》,政治家们当百科全书,才子佳人当恋爱指南这一真理。二十多年前,我还是个毛头小子。那时《孙悟空
Gotapenhandy?Tobestestimateyourstart-upcosts,you’llneedtomakealistandthemoredetailedthebetter.Asmartway
Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Themeaningoftheterm
最新回复
(
0
)