首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
admin
2018-07-24
35
问题
"Group Decision Making"
Advantages of Group Decision Making
Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.
Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
While groups have many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. A One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision. B The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable. C Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone. D Consequently, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.
A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked. All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.
Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns of behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and controversial issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.
Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than the one proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed "mind guards" who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.
Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.
According to paragraph 3, group discussion can be problematic because
选项
A、individual decisions are always more effective
B、it takes more time for a group to arrive at a decision
C、it costs more to pay all of the group members
D、interaction among group members can be a problem
答案
B
解析
"One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision." Choice A is not correct because the implication is that sometimes a decision could have been made as effectively by an individual. Choice C is not correct because the "cost" refers to the time, not to the pay for group members. Choice D is not correct because groups tend to avoid disagreements.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LRfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.PotterynotesEarthenwareadvantages:-po
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.PotterynotesEarthenwareadvantages:-po
paintings定位句为“…therewerealsosomeimportantitems,aVictorianrockinghorseformydaughter,somelargeoilpaintingsoriginati
In1974thespaceprobeMariner10discovered______Mercury’ssurfaceiscrateredbymeteoriteimpacts.
NormanRockwellwasameticulousartist(who)paintingsportrayedfamilyincidentsandwell-defined(characters)withawealtho
A、Theyhaveonlyrecentlybeendiscovered.B、Theywerepaintedbythecolonistswhoknewher.C、Mostofthemportrayherasach
Whataspectofpaintinginthenineteenthcenturydoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Theexhibitionofpaintingsorganizedin187
随机试题
在测试自动化应用控制的运行有效性时,注册会计师通常需要获取的审计证据有()。
下列属于书信体驳论文的是()
A.对乙醚敏感B.日光暴晒1小时死亡C.在痰和渗出物中可存活数周D.一般室温2~3天失去传染性E.在10℃水中可以存活1~2周腮腺炎病毒的特点是
滴虫性阴道炎湿热下注证的用方是宫颈炎湿热内蕴证的用方是
天使牌保养面膜,16片/盒,该面膜是将调配好的营养美容液(含有去除粉刺,死皮,老化角质,油污的清洁成分和保湿成分、皮肤营养成分)涂在薄型无纺布上,对改善肤质有一定效果。
A、 B、 C、 D、 B第一组中的三个图形均既是轴对称图形又是旋转对称图形。第二组图形中,前两个图形也都既是轴对称图形又是旋转对称图形,问号处的图形也应符合此规律。四个选项中只有B项的图形既是轴对称图形又是
党领导人民经历了新民主主义革命、社会主义改造和改革开放的实践,这些实践都是为了
Parentsshouldnotassumethatyoungchildren’snaturallanguageabilitieswillleadtotruegrown-uplanguageskillswithout
某系统的进程状态转换如下图所示,图中1、2、3和4分别表示引起状态转换时的不同原因,原因4表示(9);一个进程状态转换会引起另一个进程状态转换的是(10)。(2007年5月试题9~10)(9)
分别执行ADDAX,1和INCAX指令后,AX寄存器中将会得到同样的结果,但是在执行速度和占用内存空间方面存在差别,试问下面叙述正确的是( )。
最新回复
(
0
)