首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
admin
2018-07-24
66
问题
"Group Decision Making"
Advantages of Group Decision Making
Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.
Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
While groups have many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. A One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision. B The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable. C Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone. D Consequently, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.
A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked. All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.
Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns of behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and controversial issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.
Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than the one proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed "mind guards" who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.
Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.
According to paragraph 3, group discussion can be problematic because
选项
A、individual decisions are always more effective
B、it takes more time for a group to arrive at a decision
C、it costs more to pay all of the group members
D、interaction among group members can be a problem
答案
B
解析
"One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision." Choice A is not correct because the implication is that sometimes a decision could have been made as effectively by an individual. Choice C is not correct because the "cost" refers to the time, not to the pay for group members. Choice D is not correct because groups tend to avoid disagreements.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LRfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhatTWOthingsdoBradandHelenagreetosayaboutlisteningingroups?AListeningskillsareoften
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
Choosethecorrectanswer,A,BorC.Crocodilesliveingroupsofabout
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.PotterynotesEarthenwareadvantages:-po
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.PotterynotesEarthenwareadvantages:-po
PREPARINGFORASCHOLARSHIPINTERVIEWSophiethinksthescholarshipselectors
A、MakingagiftforthewomanB、WorkingonaclassassignmentC、DiscussinghiscareerD、PreparingtoteachanartclassBWhatis
随机试题
论述债权让与的效力。
试述糖皮质激素的适应证。
前列腺囊肿的超声表现是
A、具有二氢吡啶结构的钙通道阻滞药B、中效的镇静催眠药C、第一个开发的钙拮抗药D、适用于急性心肌梗死、洋地黄中毒等所致室性心律失常E、血管紧张素转化酶抑制药维拉帕米
Burkitt淋巴瘤与下列哪种感染有关
患者,女,5l岁。缺失,医师设计环形卡环,RPI卡环组,的近中邻面设计邻面板,腭侧前、后、侧连接杆连接,不修复。医师基预取印模灌注工作模型后交技术室制作该义齿支架该支架韵后腭杆最佳厚度为
7个月大男婴,出生时唇部腭部裂开,一直未治疗,现来我院,查体见患者双侧红唇至鼻底完全裂开,双侧鼻翼塌陷明显,口内见左侧牙槽突部分裂开,腭部无裂隙。患儿唇部畸形修复最佳时间是
甲的汇票遗失,向法院申请公示催告。公告期满后无人申报权利,甲申请法院作出了除权判决。后乙主张对该票据享有票据权利,只是因为客观原因而没能在判决前向法院申报权利。乙可以采取哪种法律对策?()
根据2009年1月1日开始施行的《增值税暂行条例实施细则》,下列关于增值税纳税义务的发生时间,表述正确的有()。
税收的基本特征有()。
最新回复
(
0
)