首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Blink" Technology [A]Tired of all that time-consuming swiping? Credit cards using " contactless" technology allow users to pay
"Blink" Technology [A]Tired of all that time-consuming swiping? Credit cards using " contactless" technology allow users to pay
admin
2016-01-05
16
问题
"Blink" Technology
[A]Tired of all that time-consuming swiping? Credit cards using " contactless" technology allow users to pay for merchandise by holding the card near a special reader instead of swiping it or handing it to a clerk. The announcement of new "blink" cards by Morgan Chase & Co. marks the first push to introduce the cards to US consumers on a wide scale. This technology is already in use to some extent in Europe and Asia. The new blink credit card is just like a regular credit card in many ways. It has the account holder’s name and the account number embossed(凸印)on the front of the card. On the back is a magnetic strip containing the account information, so the card can be used anywhere regular credit cards can be used. The key difference is inside the card. Embedded within the blink card is a small RFID(radio frequency identification)microchip.
[B]When the chip is close enough to the right kind of terminal, the terminal can get information from the chip—in this case, the account number and name. So instead of swiping the magnetic strip on the card through a standard credit-card reader, card holders simply hold their card a few inches from the blink terminal. The card never leaves the card holder’s hand.
[C]As with standard credit-card transactions, the terminal then sends the information via phone line to the bank that issued the card and checks the account balance to see if there is room on the card for the purchase. If there is, the bank issues a confirmation number to the terminal, the sale is approved and the card holder is on his or her way. Credit cards using blink technology employ RFID. There are many forms of RFID. For example, Wal-Mart has experimented with putting RFID chips on their merchandise so they can track inventory automatically.
[D]Blink uses a specific kind of RFID developed under International Standard 14443. ISO 14443 has certain features that make it particularly well-suited to applications involving sensitive information, such as credit-card account numbers. First, data transmitted by ISO 14443 chips is encrypted(加密). Second, the transmission range is designed to be very short, about 4 inches(10 cm)or less.
[E]Recent additions to the standard allow ISO 14443 technology to store biometric data such as fingerprints and face photos for use in passports and other security documents. To understand how the contactless card and terminal work together, first we have to talk about induction. In 1831 , it was already known that an electric current produced a magnetic field. That year, Michael Faraday discovered that it worked the other way around as well—a magnetic field could produce an electric current in wires that passed through the field. He called this induction, and the law that governs it is known as Faraday’s Law.
[F]In some cases, induction is something electrical engineers try to avoid. For instance, if the electric lines in your neighborhood run too close to the phone lines, the magnetic field produced by the electric lines can generate voltage in the phone lines. This voltage shows up as "noise" in the signal passing through the phone lines. Shielding and proper orientation of the lines can prevent this interference.
[G]For RFID devices such as blink cards, engineers have harnessed induction. Each blink card contains a small microchip as well as a wire loop. The blink terminal gives off a magnetic field in the area around it. When a blink card gets close enough, the wire loop enters the terminal’s field, causing induction. The voltage generated by the induction powers the microchip. Without this process, called inductive coupling(耦合), each blink card would have to carry its own power supply in the form of a battery, which would add bulk and weight and could eventually run out of power. Because the power is supplied by the terminal, the blink system is known as a passive system.
[H]Once the blink card has power flowing to it from the terminal, the processor then transmits information to the terminal at a frequency of 13. 56 MHz. This frequency was chosen for its suitability for inductive coupling, its resistance to environmental interference and its low absorption rate by human tissue. Instruction sets built into the processor encrypt the data during transmission.
[I]Whenever credit cards are involved, people are worried about security. Sending the credit-card data to a terminal via a radio signal might not seem very secure. But when the process operates properly, it’s actually more secure than using a magnetic-strip credit card. The information on a magnetic strip can be read, altered or duplicated using a variety of devices that have been available for years. The encryption built into a blink card makes this particular form of theft impossible. Also, using the blink card allows the user to keep the card in his or her hand the entire time. This could prevent someone from seeing the account number and name on the card.
[J]A signature is not required when using a blink card, which leads to security concerns. Chase feels that the encryption and other security features built into blink make the card secure without the need for a signature, which would slow down the transaction and defeat the purpose of blink altogether. They even suggest that it makes the transaction safer, since the clerk never sees the card or account number. The problem, of course, is that if someone gets his or her hands on your blink card, there’s no need to verify anything at all in order to use it in a store. But Blink users are no more accountable for fraudulent(欺诈的)charges than any other credit-card user.
[K]There have been reports of problems in the testing of contactless RFID credit cards, however, that lead to additional security concerns. In some cases, if two or more terminals were close together, not only did both terminals read the card, but the read range of each terminal increased to as much as 30 feet(9 m). Even if the terminal is operating within the proper range of 4 inches, some people are worried that they could accidentally walk too close to a terminal and end up paying for someone else’s purchase. The simplest safeguard against this is probably merchants positioning the terminals in such a way as to make this unlikely.
[L]The worst case scenario(情景)involves someone getting their hands on a blink terminal and modifying it to increase the range. Potentially, someone could set up the terminal at a crowded location and collect the credit-card data of anyone who came within the terminal’s read range. This probably won’t be a concern at first, since few terminals will be available, but if the technology matures, blink terminals could fall into the hands of criminals. There is a way to protect blink cards from giving out their information to unauthorized terminals, either accidentally or due to criminal activity. If the card is placed in a sleeve lined with metal, it will not function.
[M]According to Chase, blink speeds up transactions, particularly at drive-throughs, by as much as 20 percent. This may have more to do with the fact that blink cards don’t require a signature than with the swiping issue. So why institute blink technology at all? The answer may be Chase’s national press release, which states, " Research has shown that customers who use blink cards often spend more per transaction. " In addition, the novelty of blink could lead consumers to apply for Chase credit cards so they can use the new technology. The end result is more money for the company supplying the cards.
[N]What else does the future hold for contactless credit cards? The biggest impact could be seen in the form factor of credit cards. Much of the credit-card market is driven by personalized cards with images of the user’s favorite sports team, national parks and other graphics that create additional appeal. Without the restriction of the magnetic strip, credit "cards" could come in any shape, from key chain fobs to miniature toys or sculptures to coins that fit easily into a pocket. An RFID chip could even be sewn into a jacket sleeve or implanted into your hand. Ultimately, consumer acceptance will determine how the technology is adopted.
In case criminals get blink terminals, the user can put the card in a sleeve lined with metal.
选项
答案
L
解析
[L]段主要介绍了有一种方法可以保护blink卡的信息不会泄漏给未经授权的终端,无论这种泄漏是出于偶然因素,还是由于犯罪行为。如果把卡放人用金属作衬里的套子中,卡就不起作用了。题干是对定位句的概括,故选[L]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LdQ7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Inthe1980s,homeschoolingmadeacomebackintheU.S.whenreligiouslyconservativeparentsconvincedstatestoapproveandgi
A、TheroleofimmigrantsintheconstructionofAmericansociety.B、TheimportanceofofferingdiversecoursesinEuropeanhisto
A、TherelationshipbetweensleepandweightB、Thequestionofchickenortheeggs.C、Thedifficultyofpersuadingkidstolosep
随着信息技术的发展,目前中国上网人口居世界之首,网民(netizens)数量达到了5.64亿,比美国和德国的人口总和还要多。不仅如此,巨大的网络流量(Internettraffic)正在逐渐转化成一系列相应的电子商务活动(e-commerceactiv
Children’sideasabouttherainforestsandtheimplicationforcoursedesignA)Adultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwi
Baby-NamingTrendsA)Overthelastfiftyyears,Americanparentshaveradicallyincreasedthevarietyofnamestheygivetheirc
Womenareconsidered"heavydrinkers"iftheyhaveeightormoredrinksaweek,accordingtotheCentresforDiseaseControland
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand1
A、Theydon’tneedconventionalsignsandsymbols.B、Theyonlyrequireareceiverincommunication.C、Thedistancebetweencommun
Althoughonemightnotthinksofromsomeofthecriticismofit,advertisingisessentialtoourlife.Advertisingisnecessary
随机试题
简述在第一审刑事判决书中,法院确认的犯罪事实的内容及写作方法。
口腔专科病史中的修复治疗史不包括
下列关于母乳喂养的叙述正确的是
患者,男性,25岁。胆囊切除术后2天,应采取
甲公司是一家高科技环保企业,其自主研发的智能呼吸窗刚推向市场,即受到消费者欢迎,产品供不应求,企业一直处于满负荷生产状态。为满足持续增长的订单要求,公司决定增加一条生产流水线。甲公司所实施的产能计划属于()。
《旅游法》规定,监督检查人员对在监督检查中知悉的被检查单位的商业秘密和个人信息应当依法保密。()
一件工程,甲单独完成需2天,乙单独完成需要4天,如果甲干完一天后,剩下的工程由乙单独完成,则干完此项工程共需多少天?()
根据下列资料,回答问题。2015年,某市非公有制经济实现增加值348.12亿元,比上年净增加23.69亿元,非公有制经济增加值占地区生产总值的比重为57.5%。其中,民营经济增加值335.24亿元,外商经济增加值11.84亿元,港澳台经济增加值1.04亿
某图书馆预算委员会必须从下面8个学科领域G,L,M,N,P,R,S和W中,削减恰好5个领域的经费,其条件如下:如果G和S被削减,则W也被削减;如果N被削减,则R和S都不会被削减;如果P被削减,则L不被削减;在L
因特网上的服务都是基于某一种协议的,Web服务是基于()。
最新回复
(
0
)