首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’reading fluency, the current
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’reading fluency, the current
admin
2012-05-18
34
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said. Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his Utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for — whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet a combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over — often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books — including textbooks — that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. "What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president-elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver."
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars."
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Left Behind Law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a message sent to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that, we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them." he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids are reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all’aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
"It all comes down to the teacher," he said. "It’s people, not programs."
According to the author, "No Child Left Behind Law" (Line 6—7, Para. 11) is ______.
选项
A、objective in setting its goal
B、partial in its basis
C、useful in addressing reading issues
D、improving the reading scores of the students
答案
B
解析
推断题。同样在第十一段,President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First.a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece, of his No Child Left Behind law,该法律的核心问题是Reading First program,而后者的基础是report by the National Reading Panel,根据第三题可以知道,报告的内容是片面的,所以No Child Left Behind Law的核心问题是不够全面,所以选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LkiO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthroughderivation?
HowmanyyearsdostudentshavetostudyatcommunitycollegeintheUnitedStates?
IntheUnitedStates,bothpublicandprivateuniversitiesdependonthefollowingsourcesofincomeexcept______.
A、Togivetravelinformationtopassengers.B、Toknowhiswayaroundthecityverywell.C、Tospendalotoftimewaitingatsta
NationalParksInAmerican【1】,priorityisgiventotheamusementofthepublic.ButfortheNationalParks,thepriorityis【
WhichofthefollowingworktellshowSatanrebelledagainstGodandhowAdamandEveweredrivenoutofEden?
Universitiesarenolongerrelativelyemptyinsummer.Asthestudentsmoveout,holiday-makersmove,eventothemostunl
Athrongofbeardedmen,insad-coloredgarmentsandgraysteeple-crownedhats,intermixedwithwomen,somewearinghoodsandot
Athrongofbeardedmen,insad-coloredgarmentsandgraysteeple-crownedhats,intermixedwithwomen,somewearinghoodsandot
随机试题
HTTP的中文名称是网络传输协议。________
Washington’steapotismorevaluableasantiquesbecause______.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
应用阿托品、肾上腺素能受体阻断剂和H2受体阻断剂后,刺激肠壁可引起肠肌舒张,其递质可能是
结核菌素试验假阴性可见于
在临床可广泛用治各种食积及小儿疳积的药物是
男性,60岁,1年来在生气或劳累时发生左胸前区闷痛,伴左后背部酸痛,有时在休息时也有发生。心电图未见异常。心电图负荷试验的适应证是
A.G6玻砂漏斗B.0.45~0.80μm孔径微孔滤膜C.超滤膜D.搪瓷漏斗E.板框压滤机加压滤过宜选用
背景:某住宅工程,建筑面积12300m2,地上6层,地下2层。筏板基础,框架剪力墙结构。预拌混凝土。底板防水为高聚物改性沥青卷材两层防水。屋面为卷材防水,面积2000m2。室内厕浴间为聚合物水泥防水涂料。工期365日历天。某防水公司中标后成立了项目部组织
《声无哀乐论》集中体现了魏末文人()的音乐思想。
老王的年龄比小李的2倍多6岁,老王20年前的年龄和小李9年后的年龄相等,问老王多少岁?
最新回复
(
0
)