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  3. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly with the amount of listening they do before they start

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly with the amount of listening they do before they start

admin2015-03-08  71
问题     Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary
greatly with the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,【M1】______
and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey"
spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word
obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted
cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, much【M2】______
children will also ask questions by gesture and by making question noises【M3】______
    Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies
make to their first spoken words leads to considerate difficulties. It is【M4】______
agreed that they enjoy making noises, and during the first few months【M5】______
one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of
delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be
said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be
regarded for early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from【M6】______
about three months they play with sounds by enjoyment.【M7】______
    It is a problem we need not get our teeth into it The meaning【M8】______
of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a
particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word
will change as he gains less experience of the world. Thus the use,【M9】______
at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother can
not be dismissed as a meaningful sound simply because he also uses
them at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.【M10】______
【M9】
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解析 语篇错误。根据上下文，只有当儿童的经验随着他的成长越来越多，而非越来越少时，他／她才能用一个词表达不同的意义。
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