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  3. There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferen

There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferen

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问题     There’s nothing simple about gun control, a tangle of legal, political and public-health issues complicated by cultural preferences and regional biases. Passions run high on all sides. Lifelong hunters who grew up with firearms, urban victims of gun violence, Second Amendment scholars, NRA lobbyists, chiefs of police—they’ve all got cases to make and they make them well, often contentiously.
    For the past 15 years, much of the debate has centered on the effectiveness of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act,the federal gun-control bill that was passed in 1993. Critics say the focus on law abiding gun buyers doesn’t address the real issue—bad guys who acquire their weapons illegally. Supporters say that the bill stops thousands of illegal gun purchases and deters crime and violence. Now medical research has come to the rescue, sifting through the data to figure out which legal measures work best to reduce firearm suicides and homicides.
    In a paper published in the May issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Steven Sum-ner, a_third-year med student and Dr. Peter Layde, codirector of the Injury Research Center at the Medical College of Wisconsin, found that local background check, which are optional and used by just a handful of states, were more effective than the federal background checks mandated by the Brady law. The report compared the homicide and suicide rates in states that perform only federal checks with states that do state-level checks and those that perform local-level checks. The local-level checks were associated with a 27 percent lower firearm suicide rate and a 22 percent lower homicide rate among adults 21 and older, the legal age to purchase a gun.
    Why are local checks so much better? "We hypothesize that it’s due to access to additional information that’s not available at the federal checks," says Layde, " particularly related to mental-health issues and domestic-violence issues. " All 50 states use the National Instant Criminal Background Check System(NICS) , the minimum-required under Brady, while 17 states also perform state-level checks and 12 do additional local-level checks.
    "This is the first study that’s looked at this issue," says Layde. "If the magnitude of impact we found were in fact to apply to all 50 states, you would expect a very substantial reduction in suicides and homicides linked to fire arms, many thousands. " However, background checks can be both an administrative and a cost burden for strapped and stretched local authorities. There is another way to get the same results; improve the flow of local information to the MCS databases. "In an ideal world," says Layde, " you might not have to have the local agencies involved if you just reliably got all the data they had up to the federal level. "  
Concerning the reduction of firearm suicides and homicides, Sumner and Layde’s study has found ______.
选项 A、local background checks are more effective than federal checks
B、state-level background checks are more effective than federal checks
C、people with mental-health problems are more likely to commit suicide
D、federal background checks are more effective than local background checks
答案A
解析 细节题。第三段提到：他们的调查发现，地方的背景调查，比布莱迪法所要求的联邦背景调查更加有效。第四段提到造成这种现象的原因：地力背景调查能获得一些联邦背景调查所无法获得的额外信息，如被调查人的心理健康问题，家庭暴力问题。也就是说，由于能及时发现某些人有心理问题或家庭暴力倾向，相关人员就能对这些人进行及时的监控和关注，并及时制止他们的自杀或行凶行为。因此选项A正确。从第三、四段我们知道：背景调查共分为三个层次，即联邦、州、地方调查。Layde和Sumner的调查只提到了local background checks对减少自杀和他杀的案件更有效。因此选项B是错误的。C和D属于not given类型。故A符合题意，为正确选项。
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