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  3. If you smoke, no one needs to tell you how bad it is. So why haven’t you quit? Why hasn’t everyone? Because smoking feels go

If you smoke, no one needs to tell you how bad it is. So why haven’t you quit? Why hasn’t everyone? Because smoking feels go

admin2015-09-30  24
问题     If you smoke, no one needs to tell you how bad it is. So why haven’t you quit? Why hasn’t everyone?
    Because smoking feels good. It stimulates and focuses the mind at the same time that it soothes and satisfies. The concentrated dose of nicotine in a drag off a cigarette triggers an immediate flood of dopamine and other neurochemicals that wash over the brain’s pleasure centers. Inhaling tobacco smoke is the quickest, most efficient way to get nicotine to the brain.
    "I completely understand why you wouldn’ t want to give it up," said Dr. David Abrams, an addiction researcher at the National Institutes of Health. "It’s more difficult to get off nicotine than heroin or cocaine. "
    Smoking "hijacks" the reward systems in the brain that drive you to seek food, water and sex, Dr. Abrams explained, driving you to seek nicotine with the same urgency. "Your brain thinks that this has to do with survival of the species," he said.
    Nicotine isn’t equally addictive for everyone. A lot of people do not smoke because they never liked it to begin with. Then there are "chippers", who smoke occasionally but never seem to get hooked. But most people who smoke will eventually do it all day, every day.
    New discoveries in genetics may explain why certain people take to smoking with such gusto and end up so addicted. Some people, for instance, produce a gene encoded enzyme that clears nicotine from their bloodstreams rapidly, so they tend to smoke more and develop stronger addictions. Others possess special receptors in the brain that bond extra tightly with nicotine, giving them an especially intense high that makes it harder to quit.
    Drug makers are exploiting the science of addiction to create novel treatments to help smokers quit. Meanwhile, experts continue to recommend the old standbys: nicotine replacement gums, patches, nasal sprays, inhalers and lozenges, which have been proved to be safe.
    Still, no treatment works for everyone. And even with the most successful treatments, only about 30 percent of attempts to quit last more than six months. Compared with willpower alone, however, that’s a huge improvement. Fewer than one in 10 smokers who go it alone manages to go six months without a cigarette. Most do not make it past a week.
    When longtime smokers finally do quit, they soon realize that not smoking doesn’t necessarily make them nonsmokers. That’s what counseling is for- learning to function without nicotine and to cope with the cues that trigger smoking urges.
    Most important, former smokers have to rediscover that it is possible to enjoy life without cigarettes, although the yearning may never die completely.
Most smokers are addicted to smoking in that they ______.
选项 A、take to it to hegin with
B、create a special enzyme
C、are likely to gel hooked
D、consume nicotine rapidly
答案D
解析 根据第六段中的“Some people…produce a gene-encoded enzyme that clears nicotine…rapidly，so they tend to smoke more and develop stronger addictions”，D应为答案。
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