2. 外语
  3. Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and signific

Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and signific

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问题     Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, His-panics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $ 500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific per- centage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
    Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $ 77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.
    Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. I3oth consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’ s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
    A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many in- stances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as "fronts" with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
    Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corpo- rate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
选项 A、experience frustration but not serious financial harm.
B、face potentially crippling fixed expenses.
C、have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.
D、increase its spending with minority subcontractors.
E、revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts.
答案A
解析 文中暗示，大企业没有使投标马上表现为合同增加，这会对企业有何影响?原文未提大企业此事，而提到小企业会遇到此类问题，士气和财政都要受影响。L38—43是大、小企业对立关系，对小企业的影响取非，可得大企业影响。A．正确。有些波折，但没有严重财政问题。B．潜在危机，小企业特点。C．记录成效，登记在案一事，在原文L16一17，不涉及此问题内容。D．增加合同。无。E．修正程序。无。
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