2. 外语
  3. Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These hab

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These hab

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问题     Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
    "There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."
    The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
    If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
    A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
    "Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable (可行的)."
    Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through cruel and endless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics (手段) have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to
选项 A、show the urgent need of daily necessities
B、reveal their impact on people’ habits
C、indicate their effect on people’ buying power
D、manifest the significant role of good habits
答案B
解析 第五段用三个事例——人们使用瓶装水、口香糖、保湿霜的今昔不同习惯来论证第四段首句提出的观点：许多产品是其制造者培养出来的习惯的结果，由此可以得出，这些产品对人们的习惯造成了影响，故答案为[B]。第五段说明的是习惯的变化，而不是说明对日用品的迫切需求，故排除[A]；文中未提到购买力的问题，故排除[C]；这几个事例不是为了说好的习惯的重要作用，故排除[D]。
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