首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlu
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlu
admin
2023-02-22
8
问题
The English word "empathy" came into being only about a century ago as a translation for the Ger-man psychological term Einfuhlung, literally meaning "feeling-in." English-speaking psychologists suggested a handful of other translations for the word, including "animation," "play," "aesthetic sympathy," and "semblance." But in 1908 two psychologists from Cornell and the University of Cambridge suggested "empathy" for Einfuhlung, drawing on the Greek "em" for "in" and "pathos" for "feeling," and it stuck.
【B6】_____________________
Some of the earliest psychology experiments on empathy focused on "kinaesthetic empathy," a bodily feeling or movement that produced a sense of merging with an object. One subject imagining a bunch of grapes felt "a cool, juicy feeling all over." The arts critics of the 1920s claimed that with empathy, audience members could feel as if they were carrying out the abstract movements of new modern dance.
By mid-century, empathy’s definition began to shift as some psychologists turned their attention to
the science of social relations.【B7】__________________In the process, she deliberately rejected empathy’s early meaning of imaginative projection, and instead emphasized interpersonal connection as the core of the concept.
In the flurry of experimental studies of empathy that followed, psychologists began to differentiate "true" empathy, denned as the accurate appraisal of another’s thoughts or feelings, from what they called "projection."【B8】_____________
In the past few decades, interest in empathy has spread beyond psychology to primatology and neuroscience.【B9】___________________Other recent studies have further widened empathy’s reach into fields like eco-nomics and literature, finding that wealth disparities weaken empathic response and that reading fiction can improve it.
But there is still some cultural debate about what empathy means today. And in the psychology community, the answers are no more clear-cut.【B10】_______________The social psychologist C. Daniel Batson, who has researched empathy for decades, argues that the term can now refer to eight different concepts: knowing another’s thoughts and feelings; imagining another’s thoughts and feelings; adopting the posture of another; actually feeling as another does; imagining how one would feel or think in another’s place; feeling distress at another’s suffering; feeling for another’s suffering, sometimes called pity or com-passion; and projecting oneself into another’s situation.
[A] In 1948, the experimental psychologist Rosalind Dymond Cartwright, in collaboration with her sociologist mentor, Leonard Cottrell, conducted some of the first tests measuring interpersonal empathy.
[B] In 1955, Reader’s Digest defined the term, which was new to the public outside of academia, as the "ability to appreciate the other person’s feelings without yourself becoming so emotionally involved that your judgment is affected."
[C] But the psychologist Paul Bloom has argued that a sense of empathy can actually be "parochial and bigoted," making it so "the whole world cares more about a little girl stuck in a well than they do about the possible deaths of millions and millions due to climate change."
[D] Psychological studies find that empathy can reduce stereotypical thinking although sometimes empathy as emotion-sharing draws too much attention to an individual, standing in the way of effective social change.
[E] At the time the term was coined, empathy was not primarily a means to feel another person’s emotion, but the very opposite: To have empathy, in the early 1900s, was to enliven an object, or to project one’s own imagined feelings onto the world.
[F] In the 1990s, scientists studying monkeys discovered mirror neurons, cells in the animals’ brains that fired not only when a monkey moved, but also when the monkey saw another one make the same movement. The discovery of mirror neurons spurred a wave of research into empathy and brain activity that quickly extended to humans as well.
[G] Critics of the mirror-neuron theory, for example, question not only the location of these neurons in the human brain, but whether simulation of another’s gestures is a good description of empathy in the first place.
【B10】
选项
答案
G
解析
空格前谈到对empathy的定义现在还有很多文化上的争议,而且即使在心理学界中,其定义也不再明确。空格后指出如今empathy的含义有八种。空格前后都体现出empathy一词含义的多样性与不确定性。G是empathy研究中关于镜像神经元理论的争议,体现空格前说的cultural debate about what empathy means,与上下文的语境比较相符,故答案选G。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/M4MD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Foratleastadecade,introvertactivistshavebeencallingforarevolution:remaketheextrovert-dominatedworkplace.Create
TheWorldBank,InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion(ITU),GlobalSystemforMobileTelecommunicationsAssociation(GSMA),an
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’s
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’s
Howshouldwetellthestoryofthedigitalcentury,nowtwodecadesold?Wecouldfocus,asjournalistsdo,onthedestruction
Abouthalfofallmedicalpatientsgetadrug,inanygivenyear,thatcouldinteractwiththeirgenesandcauseserioussideef
Theblind,overweightpatientinthewheelchairhasterriblepaininherbackandburningpaininherlegs.Nowhershoulderhas
随机试题
宫颈癌远期放疗反应主要为________、________和________。
女性,50岁,近1年月经紊乱,2~3个月来潮一次,并出现潮热、烦躁、出汗等不适症状,最合适的治疗药物是
A.饱和性B.可逆性C.多样性D.灵敏性E.特异性同一受体可广泛分布于不同组织,或同一组织不同区域,受体密度不同,这一属性属于受体的()。
设放大器的输入信号为u1(t),输出信号为u2(t),放大器的幅频特性如图所示,设u1(t)=U1sin2πft+……+U1nsin2nπft,若希望u2(t)不出现频率失真,则应使放大器的()。
基坑土方填筑应()进行回填和夯实。
在审计风险模型中,控制风险和检查风险是针对下列()的重大错报风险而言的。
双生子设计(华中师范大学,2011)
在名称为Forml的窗体上添加一个名称为Shapel的形状控件,要求在属性窗口中将其形状设置为椭圆,其短轴(垂直方向)、长轴(水平方向)的长度分别为800、1600。把窗体的标题改为“Shape控件”,窗体上无最大化、最小化按钮。程序运行后的窗体如图所示。
HereintheUnitedStates,beforeagriculturalactivitiesdestroyedthenaturalbalance,thereweregreatmigrationsofRockyMo
HowcanIevercompleteitifyou______continually______mesomanysillyquestions?
最新回复
(
0
)