首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
admin
2015-05-24
106
问题
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she told me the story of the day’s sickest child. Before she sent the child to the emergency room in an ambulance, she told me, she gave her 50 milligrams per kilogram of ceftriaxone, a powerful antibiotic.
"You probably saved her life," I said, and my friend nodded: it was possible. Antibiotics represent a huge gift in the struggle against infant and child mortality, a triumph(or actually, many triumphs)of human ingenuity and science over disease and death, since the antibiotic era began back in the fourth and fifth decades of the 20th century.
But new research is looking at questions about the complex effects of antibiotics—on bacteria, on individual children, and on populations—building on a greatly increased awareness of how powerful antibiotics can be, and how important it is to use them judiciously.
Over the past 15 years or so, spurred by new realizations—and new fears—about the risks of breeding resistant strains of bacteria, pediatricians in the United States have, as a group, cut back dramatically on prescribing antibiotics in situations where they may not be necessary. Parents, as a group, have become less likely to demand them.
"It’s actually been a remarkable change in practice from the mid-90s on," said Dr. Jonathan Finkelstein, a pediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital who studies antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, "and we did that by physicians and patients recognizing that antibiotics are quite effective, quite safe, but there’s no such thing as a free lunch, and as with any other medical decision, we have to weigh the risks and benefits of every treatment. "
There has been a lot of discussion about whether ear infections should always be treated with antibiotics, or whether in some situations(older child, less ill)"watchful waiting" might be appropriate—but it’s also true that many of us have become much more reluctant to diagnose ear infections in borderline cases.
In a study that Dr. Finkelstein and his colleagues published this year, looking at antibiotic use in children in Massachusetts, the rate at which antibiotics were dispensed to the youngest group(3 to 24 months)had decreased 24 percent by 2008—2009 from 2000—2001. That drop was largely driven by a declining rate of diagnosis of ear infections.
We always knew there were immediate risks to antibiotics. Children could have allergic reactions. They could get diarrhea. Babies could get unpleasant yeast infections—severe diaper rash, thrush in the mouth. But still, the thinking back when I trained was that after the antibiotics, the body would return to normal.
" When antibiotics were developed, they were miraculous for all the reasons that you know," said Dr. Martin J. Blaser, the chairman of medicine at New York University School of Medicine. "With few exceptions, there was almost no long-term toxicity that was identifiable, and so everybody thought that if you took an antibiotic, it could produce some immediate upset—it could produce a rash, loose bowels—and then everything would return to normal, bounce back to normal. But in fact there was no real exploration of that. It just became an article of faith. "
Dr. Blaser has devoted himself to a study of what is now called the microbiome, the bacterial population that lives on us and in us, and the effects of perturbing that population by antibiotic use. He and other researchers are asking questions about whether alterations in the microbiome may be linked to many different patterns of health, growth and disease. It’s an area of investigation that is still new, but changing quickly.
Last summer, Dr. Blaser’s group published a study in The International Journal of Obesity in which they analyzed growth data from a large group of British children: those treated with antibiotics when very young(under 6 months)showed increased weight gain by a year of age, and were 22 percent more likely to be overweight at age 3.
The influence of early antibiotics on the lungs has also been examined. A study in last month’s issue of the journal Pediatrics looked epidemiologically at another large population of children, and found an association between childhood antibiotic treatment and the later development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Every one of these researchers started with an antibiotic pledge of allegiance. " We clearly have to use antibiotics and are lucky to have them around," said Dr. Matthew P. Kronman, lead author on the bowel disease study, who is a specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at the Seattle Children’s Hospital. "It’s just that we are still learning what all of their effects are. "
What is the purpose of telling the story of the sickest child at the beginning?
选项
A、To explain the reason why I love antibiotics.
B、To prove the power of antibiotics in certain cases.
C、To show the importance of professional knowledge.
D、To illustrate how to save a child in dangerous situations.
答案
B
解析
事实细节题。由题干提示定位至文章开头两段。第二段第二句评论道Antibiotics represent a huge gift inthe struggle against infant and child mortality…由此可知,抗生素对降低婴幼儿的死亡率是一份大礼,也就是说,抗生素在降低婴幼儿死亡率方面很有效,故选[B]。文章开头第一句提到作者爱抗生素,接下来提到儿科医生挽救小女孩的故事,从而证明抗生素的强大效力,作者说他爱抗生素是因为后面的故事,故证明其效力才是最终目的,故排除[A];前两段中提到的a pediatrician friend以及You probably saved her life确实告诉我们,这位儿科医生凭借自己的专业知识救了一名小女孩,但这并不是讲这个故事的真正目的,只是想说明antibiotics的强大效力,故排除[C]和[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MDOO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
SuccessPersonalityAccordingtoaGallupsurvey,anumberofqualitiesarecommonamongsuccessfulpeople.Herearefiveof
Bysomeestimates,thereareasmanyas12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUnitedStates,toilinginfarmfields,restaurantk
Allsocialanimalscommunicatewitheachother,frombeesandantstowhalesandapes,butonlyhumanshavedevelopedthelangua
BermardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsonthe
TheAmericanWay:FreedomTheheartoftheAmericancalendarisJuly4Americanshavecelebrat-ed-thisdateas"Independence
Intheearly1450sculturalchangeinEuropefueledagrowingneedfortherapidandcheapproductionofwrittendocuments.Be
Intheearly1450sculturalchangeinEuropefueledagrowingneedfortherapidandcheapproductionofwrittendocuments.Be
PascalLamy,director-generaloftheWorldTradeOrganization,setanend-of-Junedeadlineyesterdayforadealtocutfarmsubs
Punditswhowanttosoundjudiciousarefondofwarningagainstgeneralizing.Eachcountryisdifferent,theysay,andnoonest
随机试题
现代汉字的规范化主要包括_____。
哪项不是槟榔的适应证仙鹤草除用于各种出血证外,还可用治
肺心病急性加重期治疗的关键是()
对孕激素作用的描述错误的是
癔病患者的特点为
某水泥混凝土用砂样筛分数据如下表。关于细集料筛分试验方法、筛分结果的计算、细度模数的计算、砂粗细程度的判定,请回答下列问题。有关细集料筛分试验结果计算,描述正确的有()。
某工程建设项目,由于地下水位在基底标高之上,采取抽水的方式进行降水,抽水量预计达74万m3。在此情况下,应()。
2017年10月12日,麦当劳(中国)有限责任公司更名为金拱门(中国)有限责任公司,已知10月14日、10月15日为休息日,则该公司最晚应于()向开户银行提出变更银行结算账户的申请。
新中国的工业化是在苏联的影响下起步的。走中国工业化道路,是中国共产党初步探索我国社会主义建设道路的—个重要思想。当时所讲的工业化道路问题,主要是指
WhendopeoplemostprobablywearT-shirts,accordingtothespeaker?
最新回复
(
0
)