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  3. Opinion polls are now beginning to show that high unemployment is the most common complaint. This means we shall have to find wa

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that high unemployment is the most common complaint. This means we shall have to find wa

admin2009-04-23  55
问题     Opinion polls are now beginning to show that high unemployment is the most common complaint. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
    But we need to go further to ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
    The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(使人畏缩的) thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
    Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
    Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
    It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
选项
答案share the available employment
解析 文章第一句说，民意测验表明人们普遍抱怨失业率居高不下，这是事实陈述；第二句“这就意味着我们必须想办法让更多的人分享现有的工作”是作者就这一事实表达的观点，但是第二段紧接着说“但是我们还要比这(让更多的人分享现有的工作)做得更多，要问问有关未来工作的重大问题”，这意味着作者认为想办法让更多的人分享现有的工作并不是最终的解决办法。故答案为share the available employment。
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