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Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss

admin2019-08-08  26
问题    Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss is actually pretty common in the general population, affecting around 15% of Americans according to the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
   When that damage is done to the sensory hair cells in the ear, people can’t regenerate them, so the damage is permanent, explains John Oghalai, professor of otolaryngology at Stanford University and director of the Children’s Hearing Center at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford. 【F1】While there is ongoing research into finding ways to regenerate sensory hair cells and improve cochlear (耳蜗) implants, there is no perfect solution to hearing loss right now, which makes the need to lessen our exposure to loud noise that much more important.
   Even if New Yorkers can avoid loud restaurants, 5.7 million people travel by subway each weekday. 【F2】While the noise inside a subway car is only 75-85 decibels (分贝)—provided no one is shouting and there are no performers—the noise of a train passing the station is another matter. In Times Square, one of the busiest subway stations in the city, the noise level ranges from 80 decibels to 96 decibels when the express trains barrel through the station.
   Everyday city noises are impossible to avoid but there are a few things people can do to help prevent from hearing damage. It can be a good idea to use foam earplugs if you are stuck waiting for the express train. The same rule applies to loud concerts, says Oghalai.
   【F3】For headphones, there is a simple rule: if you can hear someone else’s music when they have them on, the volume is too loud, Oghalai says. For eating out, there are now noise ratings included in many restaurant reviews.
   Companies like Apple provide a function to limit the maximum volume on their devices if you are concerned as well.
   【F4】From daily commutes, to eating out to sitting in your apartment and hearing the honking of cars from a sixth-storey window, New York is full of noise no matter where you go.
   But for those who can get out of the city, there is somewhere nearby they can go for quiet. 【F5】In the suburbs, the sound inside a house in upstate New York with the soothing hum of central air and two elderly dogs panting in the background is a relaxing 33 decibels.
【F2】
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答案尽管在地铁车厢内的噪音只有75—80分贝——这是基于没有人大声喊叫和表演的情况下——但列车过站时发出的噪音就另当别论了。
解析 ①本句是主从复合句。主句在句末，是一个主系表结构。②While引导的让步状语从句中，介词短语inside a subway car是主语the noise的后置定语，说明这种噪音来自地铁车厢内。③两个破折号中间的句子是由provided连接的条件句，意为“如果，假如”。当中有两个并列的句子。第一个小句是主谓结构；第二个小句是there be句型。
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