首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Three centuries ago the French mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thi
Three centuries ago the French mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thi
admin
2010-03-26
67
问题
Three centuries ago the French mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could copy human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random same questions. If the computer were successful, the questioner would be unable to differ the machine from the person by the answers.
Inspired by Turing’s theory, the first conference on AI(人工智能) was held at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an AI laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nation’s leading Al supporters. McCarthy also invented the Al computer language, Lisps but by the early 1990s AI itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to "make decisions" by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language translation, mineral exploration, and even computer design.
Machinery can do better than humans physically. So can computers do mental functions in limited areas—notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billion calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms(运算法则). In addition, most computers do serial processing; operations of recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations at the same time. To achieve simulated parallel processing, some super-computers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.
Critics of the approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on rules of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluation experience, the ability to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some supports of AI have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells.
By the early 1990s, the closest m Al was a special silicon chip built to behave like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons (神经细胞) in the human brain context. Unlike the conventional silicon chip, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works.
In what way is the computer superior to the human brain?
选项
A、It is capable of passing the Turing test.
B、It is more logical.
C、It docs better on the Turing test.
D、It can perform several operations at the same time.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MLk7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Graduatestudents.B、Undergraduatestudents.C、Professors.D、Libraryemployees.BWhichpeopleareusuallynotallowedtouset
TheUnitedStatesranksfirstamongWesterncountriesasfarasdivorcerateisconcerned.Peoplefromdivorcedfamiliesaremo
A、Industryandtransportation.B、Financeandeducation.C、Medicineandcommunication.D、Alloftheaboveandmore.DWhataspects
A、Changeherclassschedule.B、Filloutajobapplication.C、Organizetapesontheshelves.D、WorkontheFrenchlessons.BWhat
Almostallcompaniesinvolvedinnewproductionanddevelopmentmust______.TheStockExchangemakesitpossiblefortheGover
TheauthorgivesadescriptionofCharlotte’slifewithakindoftonethathelpshisargument.Thepassagesuggeststhattobe
Theauthorthinksthatthetrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumptionwas"undesirable"because______.Costincreasedmostgreat
Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?
A、Hisgirlfriendcomplainedofhisgoingtothepartywithouther.B、Hewastogetherwithhisgirlfriendyesterday.C、Hehasbee
A、Bettyshouldcallherneighborstocomplain.B、Bettyshouldtalktoherchildrenwiththeneighbors.C、Bettyshouldaskherne
随机试题
关于缺铁性贫血患者的临床表现,下列哪项不正确
恶性肿瘤的诊断中最主要的依据是
王某7月5日在人才招聘会向甲公司投了求职书,7月10日甲公司面试后,通知他7月12日上班,上班10天后签订了书面劳动合同,王某与甲公司的劳动关系始于()。(2011年单项选择第15题)
甲因为票据被盗向法院申请公示催告,法院决定受理的:()
向燃料中添加下列哪种物质不能降低粉尘比阻?()
在城市消防规划中,下列不属于消防安全布局内容的是()。
素质教育的任务有()。
对n个元素的数组进行(63),其平均时间复杂度和最坏情况下的时间复杂度都是O(nlogn)。
HisparentscalledhimThomas,hisgrandfather,ThomasJenkins.
A、It’stheman’sbirthdaytoday.B、Theywillhavedinneraround6.C、Theywillhaveapartyfortheman.D、Theywillgotomovie
最新回复
(
0
)