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  3. Handwriting analysis (graphology) circumvents the law by frying to determine an employee ’ s traits (e. g. , stability) accordin

Handwriting analysis (graphology) circumvents the law by frying to determine an employee ’ s traits (e. g. , stability) accordin

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问题     Handwriting analysis (graphology) circumvents the law by frying to determine an employee ’ s traits (e. g. , stability) according to some handwriting group stereotype to which he or she belongs, (Indeed, some graphologists have so little respect for the law and so much confidence in their stereotyping that they have proposed using the technique in lieu of court proceedings to i-dentify and prosecute criminals!) The analysis works by comparing the speed, size, slant, form, pressure, layout, and continuity of an individual’s handwriting with various patterns and typologies, and assimilating this person’ s script into these types. As a result the individual judged ceases to be an individual and becomes little more than a composite of traits. This end result differs little from judgements based on race, sex, religion, etc.
    Granted, no individual is totally unique. Any evaluation of character, or for that matter, skills, turns, in some measure, on employing generic ideas about virtue, vice, and technical competence. Still, there is a human individuality which manifests itself in our imagination and in the innovative arguments we choose to advance. Standardized handwriting analysis is far less respectful of individuality in this latter sense than other modes of screening. Individuals who are asked to write a personal essay describing their qualifications in their own terms; and who are given an opportunity in an interview to describe their motivations in seeking a particular job retain far more of what makes them distinctive. This more personalized format gives the individual an opportunity to express unusual or provocative opinions the employer may not have previously considered. Upon reflection, the employer may think these comments so pertinent that s / he awards the job to this candidate. Handwriting analysis, though, is ostensibly purely: formal. It does not provide the candidate with any opportunity to distinguish himself or herself in this substantive fashion. At best, graphology will yield some vague assessment such as "the candidate is highly creative" .
    It is worth remembering what the driving force is behind graphological testing. Handwriting analysis, like automated telephone screening, is increasingly being used early in the hiring pro-cess because it purports to deliver salient, accurate information cheaply. Yet precisely because these techniques are standardized, the data has reduced value. Judgements about the precise relevance of some perceived character traits to a job are rarely: straightforward. Good interviewers learn through training and through interaction itself to qualify previous judgements. Perhaps the candidate who fails to make eye contact has a guilty conscience (as it is standardly assumed) . On the other hand, perhaps the candidate is a recent immigrant from a country where eye contact is considered rude. Alternate interpretations sometimes suggest themselves in a face-to-face encounter with individuals who are fully present in their living, acting, and speaking personhood. Handwriting analysis, done at a distance by an expert who has never even met the candidate, will not stimulate the evaluator’s imagination in the way the in-person interview or personal essay might. On the contrary, the cheapness of the technique stems from its elimination of the important human activity of hypothesizing about the case at hand.
The expression "in this latter sense" in paragraph 2 line 5 refers to_____.
选项 A、human individuality as revealed in humans’ capacity to think and argue creatively
B、technical competence
C、human individuality shown in general skills
D、individuality shown through respect
答案A
解析 根据第二段“Still，there is a human individuality which manifests itself in our imagination and in the innovative arguments we choose to advance”可知，但是一个人的个性表现在我们的想象中，以及我们选择的创新观点中。有此得出，答案为A。
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