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  3. (46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions,

(46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions,

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问题     (46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions, techniques, and language that characterize the life of the group. As culture is so inclusive, it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly people’s behavior, including linguistic behavior.
    (47)When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself; however, in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in different people. Take the word dog for example. In the United States, the word dog in most instances conjures up an image of a furry, domesticated family pet. In some areas of the world, such as South Korea, however, dogs are considered to be a culinary amenity and often are eaten. Therefore, the word dog elicits a quite different meaning because of different cultural experiences. This example indicates that language is heavily tinted with its culture.
    (48)From the above, we can infer that a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent shared world knowledge of its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes beliefs, world outlooks etc. In a word, language expresses cultural reality. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. If he moves to another community or country, he may be recognized easily not as a member of the local community group but as a newcomer from the ways he uses his language. This implies that language embodies cultural identity.
    As language is tightly intertwined with culture, learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture. (49)When learning a foreign language, we should not only learn the mere imitation of the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms but also learn to see the world as native speakers do, that is to say, learn the wags in which the foreign language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of that society, learn to understand their "language of the mind". We need to learn enough about the language’s culture so that we can communicate in the target language properly to achieve not only the linguistic competence but also communicative competence. This is of great significance in learning a foreign language. (50)Otherwise the ignorance of cultural differences between mother tongue and target language will inevitable create barriers in learning the target language, thus causing some misunderstandings and confusions frequently.

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答案学习外语时，我们不仅仅要学习模仿该语言的发音、语法、词汇和习语，还要学着像说母语的人那样观察世界；也就是说，要研究这门语言是怎样反映思想、习俗和该社会的行为模式的，努力去理解他们的"思维语言"。
解析 此题目句子比较长，其中包含两个谓语动词，包含两个同位语。注意其中四个learn的翻译方法。第1个learn的宾语(the mere imitation of the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms)属于语言的具体实体，因此，可以把这个learn翻译为"学习"；第2个learn是不及物动词，动词短语learn to do...的意思是"学着做…"，因此，learn to see the world as native speakers do可以翻译为"学着像说母语的人那样观察世界"；第3个learn的宾语是the ways in which...ideas, customs, and behavior of that society，如果按照英语原句直译，翻译为"学习该语言是怎样反映思想、习俗和该社会的行为模式"，"学习"的宾语是"该语言…"，不符合汉语的搭配习惯，因此，可以将learn翻译为"研究"，那么该部分就成了"研究该语言是怎样…的"，就解决了搭配困难；第4个learn跟第二个learn一样也是不及物动词，如果也翻译为"学着…"，则与第二个learn重复，为了避免这种语义重复，可以把第四个learn翻译为"努力去…"，这样既避免了语义重复，又符合原文中的语义递进关系，体现出这四个learn的内容难度逐级增加。考查点：相同词语在句子中的翻译。
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