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  3. Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

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问题     Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation(定方位)and mobility(移动)skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.
    Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surrounding and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in space.
    Mobility, on the other hand, is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(f?A)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.
    To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts, such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow movement of traffic, the variety or intersections, elevators or escalators, and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe, efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings, first within buildings, then in residential neighborhoods, and finally in business communities.
How can we increase the visually impaired person’s ability to travel through his physical and social environment?
选项 A、By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility skills.
B、By teaching him to learn observational skills.
C、By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.
D、By improving his visual ability.
答案A
解析 文章第一段“Visual impairment carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established．”有视觉障碍的人在自然和社会环境中的行为能力会降低或受到约束，直到他们确立了适当的定位和移动技能。由此可见，要想提高视觉障碍者在自然和社会环境中穿行的能力，应该去培养他们适当的定位和移动技能。A项符合文章的意思。通过文章的叙述可知有视觉障碍的人要在自然和社会环境中自由穿行缺的是定位和移动的技能，B、C、D项的内容可能对自由穿行有帮助，但是不能提高他们穿行的能力。因此本题的正确答案为A。
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