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  3. Visiting Oxford Street, a road filling with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of

Visiting Oxford Street, a road filling with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of

admin2018-06-28  15
问题    Visiting Oxford Street, a road filling with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) , a noxious gas, have been found to be around three times higher there than the legal limit. In 2013 the annual mean concentration of NO2 on the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe.
   British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago. Fewer people use coal-burning stoves; old industrial plants have been decommissioned. But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma, have fallen more slowly. The exact number of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown. But in 2010 a government advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere would increase life expectancy for those born in 2008 by an average of six months.
   Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars, which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars. In 2001 only 14% of all cars ran on diesel; by 2013 the proportion had increased to 35%. (Greener "hybrid" and electric cars have increased nine fold since 2006, but account for just 0. 5% of the entire fleet.) Second-hand cars are particularly noxious, but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped. Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests produced more on the roads.
   Government’s hesitation has not helped. Part of the problem is that several departments are responsible for air pollution. This means nobody has taken a lead on it, complains Joan Walley, a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports. And few politicians are keen to fire drivers.
   However, some improvements have been made. In 2008 a "low-emission zone" was created in London, which targets large vans and coaches. A smaller "ultra low-emission zone" has been proposed for 2020, which would charge all vehicles that are not of a certain standard 12. 50 pounds a day. European Commission fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more. But other countries are more ambitious; 60 such zones exist in Germany, targeting private cars as well as vans. In December Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, announced that she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020.
Oxford Street is mentioned in the opening paragraph to______.
选项 A、describe the busy streets in Britain
B、discuss the problem of air pollution
C、stress the improvement of air quality
D、show the link between car and pollution
答案B
解析 例证题。根据Oxford Street定位到首段首句。首段举例一般是为了引出主题，该句提到Oxford Street，紧接着下文开始讨论nitrogen dioxide“二氧化氮”的问题，故而可以判断提到Oxford Street是为了引出空气污染方面的话题。选项[A]describe the busy streets in Britain“描述英国热闹的街道”；该项显然过于表面，容易排除。[B]discuss the problem of air pollution“讨论空气污染的问题”；该项符合答案要求。[C]stress the improvement of air quality“强调空气质量的提高”；文章讨论的是空气污染，而不是空气质量的提高，故该项错误。[D]show the link between car and pollution“显示汽车与污染的联系”；该项内容在下文提到，但并非全文主题，故也可以排除。综上，本题选[B]。
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