If a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society. Its art of soc

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问题     If a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society. Its art of social life, and its end is fitness for the world. It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand, nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other Works, indeed, of genjus fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule; a University is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors, of founders of schools, leaders of colonies, or conquerors of nations, It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons, of Napoleons or Washingtons, of Raphaels or Shakespeares, though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precinets.

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答案 如果一定要给大学教育赋予一个切实的目的,我的观点是培养社会的好公民。大学教育的艺术就是社会生活的艺术,其目的就是使人适应这个世界。一方面,大学教育不应把着眼点局限于某些特定的职业上,另一方面也不应放在造就英雄和培养天才上。事实上,天才伟业无法人为造就,英雄的思想亦不受规则限制。大学不是诗人、不朽作家和学派创立者的诞生地,也不是殖民地头领或外族征服者的培训所。大学并不承诺要造就一批亚里士多德、牛顿、拿破仑、华盛顿、拉斐尔、莎士比亚式的巨人,尽管这些大自然的杰作此前曾在大学的院墙中出现过。

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