Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy

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问题      Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is  【21】______  , the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.  【22】______  any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out  【23】______  effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or  【24】______  ,often err)ugh, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally  【25】______  considerably. Some of the bigger firms are  【26】______  in researches which am  【27】______  such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive  【28】______  to them not to keep them secret.  【29】______  a great many processes depending on such research am sought for with complete secrecy  【30】______  the stage at which patents can be  【31】______  . Even more processes am never patented  【32】______  but kept as secret processes. This  【33】______  particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part  【34】______  they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an  【35】______  that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in  【36】______  technical or scientific books from libraries  【37】______  they are unwilling to have their names entered  【38】______  having taken out such and such a book,    【39】______  the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be  【40】______  .
【30】

选项 A、when
B、until
C、unless
D、after

答案B

解析 until直到。本句译为:然而依赖这种研究的许多工艺流程是在完全保密的情况下寻找的,直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止。
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