首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progr
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progr
admin
2010-06-17
37
问题
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two aspects of science. The first of which is the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves that structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. (46)
The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
(47)
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
The process of careful observation, perception of a pattern in the phenomena observed, followed by exploitation of this knowledge, has largely inspired the area of human activity known as "science". (48)
It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.
While this process still underlies most scientific activity, the classic "scientific method" has been criticized from a variety of perspectives. (49)
To begin with, it is apparent that the "objectivity" of science and scientists strictly characterizes only the lowest order of scientific activity—observation, and even here it is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly impartial observer of events.
What someone chooses to observe and the way one observes it must, after all, in part be a reflection of experience and of ideas as to what is significant. Consider, for example, the different ways in which an artist and a layman look at a painting and the different reactions they have to the same work.
The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist’s interpretation of what he or she has observed even more clearly than observation. At this stage of the scientific method, an element of subjectivity is inevitably present. This can most easily be seen in the extreme case of scientists of truly creative genius. Galileo, for instance, challenged the scientists (and the church) of his day with his hypothesis that the earth revolved around the sun. A twentieth century example is Watson and Click’s discovery of the molecular structure of DNA. (50)
Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.
选项
答案
这一领域也就提供了传统的科学方法论的基础:客观观察和描述某些现象;系统阐述观察到的事件的一个或多个假说及它们之间可能的相互关系;用这些关系来预测未来事件;检验各种假说,并在此基础上建立某一自然活动领域的有关理论。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Mf44777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Longtimeago,everyoneknewthatregularbedtimeswereimportant."Dreamon!"mostmodernparentsmightreply.Butresearchby
Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyoneperson
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.You
LONDON—SecurityexpertsarewarningthattheglobalcyberattackthatbeganonFridayislikelytobemagnifiedinthenewwork
YawningcanbeaproblemattheofficeforLindsayEierman,whichmakesherembarrassed."I’veexplained,’I’msorry,Ididn’
Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?
Forcenturies,caneshaveservedblindandpartiallysightedpeoplewellbygivingthemameanstonegotiatetheworldaroundth
Inastate-of-the-artcleanroom,ascientisdressedinafull-bodycontainmentsuit,ahairnetandblueglovesispreparingso
ResearcherssaytheyhavediscoverednewdetailsaboutthedayanasteroidhitEarthandkilledoffthedinosaurs.Scientist
Theword"schism"(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans______.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento______.
随机试题
实行按劳分配原则的前提条件是()
A.草果B.佩兰C.厚朴D.霍香既能燥湿消痰。又能下气除满的药物是
将适当材料(清水、清浆或处方中部分药物的极细粉)泛制于筛选合格的成型丸粒上,使丸粒表面致密、光洁、色泽一致的操作,称为
关于小腿慢性溃疡说法不正确的是以下哪项
与牙体缺损的原因有关的是()
缝合时出现创缘内卷的主要原因是
保险产品整体概念的三个层次是()。
国务院于2013年5月13日上午召开全国电视电话会议,动员部署国务院机构职能转变工作。中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李克强发表讲话。他强调政府要简政放权,(),创新管理,激发市场创造活力和发展内生动力。
【2013下】肖平、王东、高力与赵翔喜欢踢足球、爱观看足球比赛。但他们观看足球比赛的情绪表现却非常不一样。当自己喜欢的球星踢进一个好球时,肖平立刻大喊“好球好球”,同时兴奋得手舞足蹈;王东也挺激动,叫好并鼓掌,却没有肖平那般狂热,有时候还劝告肖平不要
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDiligenceHelpstoAchieveSuccessbycommentingonth
最新回复
(
0
)