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  3. Today we ’re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are

Today we ’re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are

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问题    Today we ’re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. In fact, one-third to one-half of Americans are introverts. If you’re not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.
   If these statistics surprise you, that’ s probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Some fool even themselves, until some life event jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.
   It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal. The archetypal extrovert works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual—the kind who’s comfortable "putting himself out there". Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.
   Introversion—along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are.
   Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we’ve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.
   The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talk active people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. We rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized—one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.
   But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.
The word "pathology" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_____.
选项 A、termagancy
B、optimism
C、depression
D、abnormality
答案D
解析 根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段第一句：Introversion—along with its cousins sensitivity，seriousness，and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait，somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology(内向性——以及伴随的敏感、认真和羞怯——现在成了第二等的个性特征，介于失望与______之间)。由此可知，此处的词汇应该是负面的，并且程度要高于disappointment。B项“乐观”不符合句意。A项“暴躁”，无法和“内向”以及“失望”构成程度递进关系。C项“失望，沮丧”是disappointment的近义词。D项“异常”，程度比disap pointment高，符合pathology的含义。故选D。
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