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  3. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

admin2014-09-19  20
问题     Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
    No man ever looks at the world with pristine (未受外界影响的) eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes (固定的模式); his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure (这种比喻) becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that
选项 A、custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior
B、the study of social orders can replace the study of custom
C、people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook
D、custom has little to do with our ways of thinking
答案C
解析 本题问作者认为学术界忽略了风俗这一课题的原因是什么。根据文章第一段的内容，风俗并没有被广泛地认为是具有重要性的一个研究课题。人们有一种想法，认为我们大脑里的内部活动是特别值得研究的，而风俗只是一种很普遍的行为而已，不值得研究。人们过去对风俗的认识是微不足道的，而最重要的事实是，风俗对人的经历和信仰起着主导性的影响，风俗的内容也包罗万象。由此可见，因为人们对风俗的重要性认识不足，所以一直未认真地对其加以研究。因此，本题的正确答案应是选择项C“原因是人们仍然没有认识到风俗在我们形成世界观的过程中所起的重要作用”。
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