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  3. One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production—capital. The ownership

One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production—capital. The ownership

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问题     One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production—capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring (1)_____ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, (2)_____, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of (3)_____ that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of (4)_____ amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important (5)_____ of profits and influence; knowledge as well as (6)_____ capital brings profits and influence.
    There are many (7)_____ with the thesis above, not the least of (8)_____ is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not (9)_____ the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the (10)_____ of some new industries indicates. (11)_____, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have (12)_____ many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In (13)_____ with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be (14)_____ that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon (15)_____ to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.
    Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly (16)_____. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service (17)_____. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the (18)_____ of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severe (19)_____ for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and (20)_____ them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.

选项 A、handicap
B、penalty
C、inconvenience
D、shortcoming
答案A
解析 上下文理解题。上文讲围绕知识已经形成一种类似种性制度的界限，如果年轻时没有学到知识，以后再努力也无法赶上。这里接着说，不懂英语在美国长期以来就是一种严重的就业障碍。同时，下文的hinder一词也提示这里应选handicap(妨碍，不利条件)。penalty(惩罚)，inconvenience(不方便)和shortcoming(缺点)均不符合文意。
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考研英语一

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