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  3. Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people suffer from hear

Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people suffer from hear

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问题     Coronary heart disease(冠心病) is a term used to describe conditions like angina(心绞痛) or heart attack. Many people suffer from heart disease.
    If you have had a heart attack or suffer from angina it is very important that you take positive action now in order to keep your heart as healthy as possible. This article outlines steps you can take in order to help achieve this.
    A number of factors have been known to increase the risk of your coronary heart disease. There are often referred to as "risk factors". But some of these factors can be changed or modified to help improve your condition. These include: high Mood cholesterol(胆固醇), high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, obesity, diabetes and stress.
    High blood cholesterol has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors, yet only about half of coronary heart-disease patients have had their blood cholesterol checked.
    When blood cholesterol is high, it builds up in the walls of the arteries (blood vessels), causing them to narrow. The narrowing can then begin to restrict the blood flow to the heart. Under these conditions patients will often experience chest pain or tightness, known as angina.
    In some cases narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart can become so severe that it blocks the artery. More usually, however, a partial blockage triggers a blood clot, causing a heart attack, which can cause permanent damage to part of the heart muscle.
    To reduce the build up of cholesterol in the artery walls, and so reduce the risk of a heart attack, cholesterol lowering has become an essential part of treatment for people with coronary heart disease.
    Reductions in blood cholesterol have been shown to provide major benefits for patients who have angina or have had a heart attack, such as reducing the risk of another heart attack occurring and improving survival.
    Your cholesterol should be checked regularly, and modified if necessary, along with all the other factors. This will help to ensure that you minimize the risk of suffering future heart problems like another heart attack.
    It is better for your heart if all the risk factors are reduced by a little, rather than concentrating on one and ignoring the others.
    Changes in lifestyle can often help to reduce these risk factors. These include stop-ping smoking or cutting down the number of cigarettes you smoke, a healthier diet and a healthy body weight, regular exercise, and not drinking more than the recommended amount of alcohol. A healthier diet should consist of reducing the amount of saturated fat(饱和脂肪) you eat and balancing this with an intake of non-and poly-unsaturated fats and increased consumption (单链和多链不饱和脂肪) of cereal foods, vegetables and fruit.
    Sometimes changes in lifestyle are not enough to reduce factors like cholesterol or blood pressure sufficiently, and so drugs may be prescribed. These drugs should always be combined with changes in lifestyle.
Which of the following directly causes the chest pain or tightness?
选项 A、blocking of the coronary artery
B、narrowing of the artery
C、high blood cholesterol
D、stress
答案A
解析 见第五段和第六段，当血中胆固醇水平增高时，它在动脉(血管)管壁堆积，适成其管腔狭窄。这时狭窄开始限制流至心脏的血量。在这种情况下，患者会常常感到胸部疼痛或憋闷感，即心绞痛。有时，给心脏供应血液的动脉狭窄变得严重时可阻塞这条动脉。然而更常见的情况是部分的阻塞引发血硷形成，导致心梗，这可导致部分心肌的永久损害。
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