首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 8
There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 8
admin
2010-12-06
46
问题
There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven a average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.
There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.
To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased attests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.
Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverages will deter the excessive drinker responsible tot most fatalities is unclear. In fact, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs for those repeatedly arrested for drunken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash rates. Thus far, there is no firm evidence that Alcohol Safety Action Project supported programs, in which rehabilitation measures are requested by tile court, have decreased recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.
The author is mainly concerned with ______.
选项
A、interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalities
B、reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk driving
C、suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United States
D、analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities
答案
B
解析
综观全文,作者第1段首先指出了在美国,致命性的车祸大部分都是由司机醉酒导致,随后几段回顾了历年来防止司机酒后驾驶所做的努力。故选项B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/N4IO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
•Lookatthenotesbelow.•Someinformationismissing.•YouwillhearAnnSimpsonofBlackwellSportstalkingtoajournalist.
Lookatthenotesbelow.Someinformationismissing.Youwillhearamanbargainingforabetterprice.Foreachquestion,fill
Thereviewersuggeststhatoneadvantageofthebookisthat______.Thereviewerrecommendsthebookforpeoplewho______.
LittletonNewsUpdateTherateofunemploymentinLittleton,asmalltowninthesouthwestofEngland,hasreachedarecord
InformationforcustomersAllgoodstransportedbyFeraCarriersareinsured,butourpolicyexcludesdamageduetopoorpackagi
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanmanagementisnottradit
Readingbecamedifficultfortheoldlady,sotheoptician______herapairofglassestomakeherreadingpossible.
Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlementspreadeverfartherwestwar
Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe______witheveryonewhocomestothestore.
随机试题
甲基于与乙之间的一份名人字画买卖合同向法院起诉,要求乙向其交付所买的字画。在本案审理过程中,乙的母亲来到法院称乙有间歇性精神病,签订合同时正值发病期间,申请法院认定乙为限制民事行为能力人。对乙母亲的申请,法院应如何处理?
从业人员,无论从事什么职业,都应该干一行爱一行,爱一行钻一行,精益求精,尽职尽责,“以辛勤劳动为荣,以好逸恶劳为耻”。这是职业道德中
阅读下列短文,回答有关问题。蚊对(明)方孝孺天台生困暑,夜卧絺帷中,童子持翣①飏于前,适甚就睡。久之,童子亦睡
心尖部闻及一收缩期前加强的隆隆样杂音,准确的诊断是
关于X线防护原则的叙述,错误的是
全国公安机关每年都要查获大量的偷渡人员,公安机关的反偷渡行为说明国家()。
【背景资料】某建筑公司于2012年3月8日与某建设单位签订了修建建筑面积为3000m2工业厂房(带地下室)的施工合同。该建筑公司编制的施工方案和进度计划已获监理工程师批准。施工进度计划已经达成一致意见。合同规定由于建设单位责任造成施工窝工时,窝工
元代山水画家倪瓒的代表作是《渔父图》。()
细化分布数据规划的这步工作,是去确定哪些是数据库结构,哪些是文件结构,最后画出______。
有以下程序段:k=5ForI=1to10step0 k=k+2NextI执行该程序段后,结果是( )。
最新回复
(
0
)