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Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes

admin2012-05-17  99
问题     Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women’s roles and massive job losses for men during this recession.
    Women held 49.83% of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June and they’re gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
    That’s a record high for a measure that’s been growing steadily for decades and accelerating during the recession. At the current pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November.
    "It was a long historical slog (沉重缓慢的前进) to get to this point," says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research.
    The change reflects the growing importance of women as wage earners, but it doesn’t show full equality, Hartmann says. On average, women work fewer hours than men, hold more part-time jobs and earn 77% of what men make, she says. Men also still dominate higher-paying executive ranks.
    Women have been a growing share of the once heavily male labor force for nearly a century, recording big bumps during epochal (划时代的) events such as the Depression and World War II. This time, the boost came from a severe recession that has been brutal (无情的) on male-dominated professions such as construction and manufacturing.
    The only parts of the economy still growing — health care, education and government — have traditionally hired mostly women. That dominance has increased in part because federal stimulus funding directed money to education, health care and state and local governments.
    The gender transformation is especially remarkable in local government’s 14.6 million-person workforce. Cities, schools, water authorities and other local legal power have cut 86,000 men from payrolls during the recession — while adding 167,000 women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
    "Unemployment among men isn’t going to last forever," says University of Chicago economist Casey Mulligan. "People will move from construction and manufacturing to industries that are creating new jobs." Mulligan expects the portion of jobs held by women to peak slightly above 50% this year, then drop below half when the economy recovers and more men find work.  
According to labor economist Heidi Hartmann, the current workforce change______.
选项 A、will bring women equal pay as men
B、couldn’t hide sexual inequality that still exists
C、reflects women’s struggle to support the family
D、results from men’s domination of higher-paying jobs
答案B
解析 根据题干中的Heidi Hartmann将本题出处定位到第五段前两句。该段首句提到哈特曼认为，这一变化并不意味着完全平等。第二句举例说明性别上的不平等：女性的工作时间比男性短，做更多的兼职工作，挣的钱为男性挣的77％，由此可知，哈特曼认为劳动人数的变化无法掩饰依然存在的性别不平等，故答案为[B]。[A]与earn 77％of what men make矛盾，故排除；[C]是对the growing importance of women as wage earners的错误理解；[D]是针对第五段末句设的干扰项。
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