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  3. Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

admin2011-03-11  22
问题     Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that【1】a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who【2】recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no【3】or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain【4】while completing a task that could【5】either reward or punishment.
【6】with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had【7】neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward.【8】, the high-risk girls showed no【9】in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in【10】past experiences to assist learning.
    The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area【11】receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time【12】information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.
    "Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed【13】reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically【14】in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression,【15】they have not yet experienced a depressive【16】," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. "【17】, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations【18】in this study during the processing of【19】and losses are associated with the【20】onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
选项 A、why
B、when
C、wherever
D、whereas
答案B
解析 此处意为“患病风险高的女孩在大脑这个部位有很强的反应，与其他女孩相比，______接受惩罚”，可知，这里缺少的是引导时间状语从句的词，所以[B] when为正确答案。[A] why引导原因状语从句，用法举例：This is why he came here．这就是他来这里的原因。此处不存在因果关系，故排除。[C] wherever引导让步状语从句，用法举例：Wherever you go，you should do your work well．不论你到什么地方，都要把工作做好。[D] whereas表示转折关系，用法举例：Some people like coffee，whereas others like tea．有人喜欢咖啡，然而也有人喜欢茶。所以[C]和[D]也排除。  
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考研英语一

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