首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
admin
2019-09-17
47
问题
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations, approximately 3.7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some 10 years later. As cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping malls and high-rise apartment buildings. These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term "air-conditioning".
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health
hazards
. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a closed environment — such as an office building — can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system’s cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease-carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in harmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust
ducts
. Cases of Legionnaire’s disease are becoming fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring.
The ways in which air-conditioners work to "clean" the air can
inadvertently
cause health problems, too. One such way is with the use of an electrostatic precipitator, which removes dust and smoke particles from the air. What precipitators also do, however, is to emit large quantities of positive air ions into the ventilation system. A growing number of studies show that overexposure to positive air ions can result in headaches, fatigue and feelings of irritation.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed antibodies to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. Chemical disinfectants, called "biocides", that are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds such as pentachlorophenol, which is strongly linked to abdominal cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also
adversely
affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37°C, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu.
The word "hazards" underlined in Paragraph 2 means______.
选项
A、cases
B、incidents
C、diseases
D、risks
答案
D
解析
词义界定。hazards出现在第二段段首“Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot,humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards”,句内为转折关系,大意是尽管我们许多人觉得空调可以缓解室外湿热或被污染的空气,但它们也对健康构成了许多潜在的……,前面指的是空调的好处,根据逻辑,后面的转折必然是坏处,因此选择D。hazard本义为“危险,风险”。【知识拓展】本句有个搭配有助于确定词义:pose…to…,如pose an obstacle/a threat to…对……构成障碍/威胁。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NMwO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
InfluenzaandVaccinesThereisnospecificcureforinfluenza.Recommendedtreatmentusuallyconsistsofbedrestandincreased
TypesofMoneyThefunctionsofmoneyasamediumofexchangeandameasureofvaluegreatlyfacilitatetheexchangeofgoodsan
NarratorListentopartofatalkinahistoryclass.Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestions.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyou
ThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.Theearlyexplorersandsett
Yourcityhasdecidedtobuildastatueormonumenttohonorafamouspersoninyourcountry.Whowouldyouchoose?Usereasons
Whydoesthestudentgotothefacilitiesmanagementoffice?
1Dementia,ageneraldecreaseinintellectualabilities,involvesimpairmentofmemory,judgment,andsocialfunctioning.Thet
Gettingenoughsleep—evenjusttwohoursmore—maybeasimportantasahealthydietandexercisefornewmotherstoreturntothe
Psychologistsstillwonderifsomepersonalitytraitsareinborn.
______umbrellasarecommonlyusedtoprotect______peoplefrom______rain.
随机试题
某物流公司于2005年1月1日购入面值为1000元的债券,该债券的票面利率为10%,以发行价格1100元买入,到期日为2007年1月1日。计算该债券的实际收益率。
破伤风最早发生强直性痉挛的肌群是()。
中国甲公司与美国乙公司签订了向美国出口陶瓷的合同,付款方式是D/P。提单由“凌云”航运公司签发,签发后提单交发货人。按D/P付款方式,发货人把提单交到中国银行上海分行(托收行),上海分行委托美国某商业银行(代收行)代收,由该商业银行通知收货人,收货人到银行
一人犯数罪的,如果数罪中有判处附加刑的,附加刑仍须执行;其中附加刑种类相同的,按最重刑执行;附加刑种类不同的,分别执行。()
下列哪一项体现了博客辅助教师来发布信息的功能?()
实行党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制是党的十六届四中全会提出来的。()
构建一个哈夫曼树,如果给定权值的个数为n,那么哈夫曼树的结点总数为()。
常用的摘要算法是MD4、MD5、SHA和SHA-1。OSPF的安全协议使用
A.electromagneticenergyB.electromagneticenergytravelsthroughspaceC.camefromthesunD.whenachangeinthenucleuso
Ihaveread_____youlentme.
最新回复
(
0
)