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  3. All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

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问题         All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Frances Arnold won in 2018, for chemistry, and Donna Strickland received the 2018 Nobel Prize in physics.
        Strickland was only the third female physicist to get a Nobel following Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer 60 years later. When asked how that felt, she noted that at first it was surprising to realize so few women had won the award, "But, I mean, I do live in a world of mostly men, so seeing mostly men doesn’t really ever surprise me either."
        The rarity of female Nobel laureates raises questions about women’s exclusion from education and careers in science. Female researchers have come a long way over the past century. But there’s overwhelming evidence that women remain underrepresented in the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering and math.
        Studies have shown those who persist in these careers face explicit and implicit barriers to advancement. Bias is most intense in fields that are predominantly male where women lack a critical mass of representation and are often viewed as tokens or outsiders.
        Traditional stereotypes hold that women "don’t like math" and "aren’t good at science." Both men and women report these viewpoints, but researchers have empirically disputed them. Studies show that girls and women avoid STEM education not because of cognitive inability, but because of early exposure and experience with STEM, educational policy, cultural context, stereotypes and a lack of exposure to role models.
        For the past several decades, efforts to improve the representation of women in STEM fields have focused on countering these stereotypes with educational reforms and individual programs that can increase the number of girls entering and staying in what’s been called the STEM pipeline—the path from K-12 to college to postgraduate training.
        These approaches are working. Women are increasingly likely to express an interest in STEM careers and pursue STEM majors in college. Women now make up half or more of workers in psychology and social sciences and are increasingly represented in the scientific workforce, though computer and mathematical sciences are an exception.
        More women are graduating with STEM Ph. D. s and earning faculty positions. But they encounter glass cliffs and ceilings as they advance through their academic careers. They face a number of structural and institutional barriers in academic STEM careers.
        In addition to issues related to the gender pay gap, the structure of academic science often makes it difficult for women to get ahead in the workplace and to balance work and life commitments. Bench science can require years of dedicated time in a laboratory. The strictures of the tenure-track process can make maintaining work-life balance, responding to family obligations, and having children or taking family leave difficult, if not impossible.
According to the passage, the barriers women face in academic STEM careers include the following EXCEPT________.
选项 A、they are isolated in networking and social opportunities
B、they are receiving less pay than their male colleagues
C、they are less likely to get promoted even they are more capable
D、they have to take more responsibilities at home
答案A
解析 细节题。题干：根据文章，女性在STEM学术职业生涯中面临的障碍包括以下几种，除了______。答案需要选择文中未体现的内容，该题也可采用排除法作答。根据题干关键词academic，barrier，career定位到倒数第一段和倒数第二段。根据“gender pay gap(性别收入差距)”可知B项“她们的工资比她们的男同事低”正确。根据“the structure of academic science often makes it difficult for women to get ahead in the workplace”(学术科学的结构常常使女性难以在职场中获得晋升)可知C项“她们尽管更有能力，但晋升较难”正确。根据“The strictures of the tenure -track process can make maintaining work-life balance，responding to family obligations，and having children or taking family leave difficult…(终身制的约束使女性在平衡工作与生活、承担家庭责任、生儿育女或请探亲假等方面变得更难……)”可知，女性难以平衡工作与生活，是因为女性需要承担文中提到的这些责任，故D项“她们在家里要承担更多的责任”正确。A项“她们无法接触到网络，没有社交机会”，文中并未提及，故A项错误。综合以上分析，故本题选A。
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