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  3. It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.

It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.

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问题     It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.
    A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person. One of the best examples of a pubic good is national defense. One person can benefit from our national defense without reducing another person’s benefits. In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense.
    The market system does not work well in producing public goods. This is because a person who refuses to pay for a public good cannot be kept from using it. Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay $100 a year for it. Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the $100, the police will guard the area anyway. So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force without paying $100.
    The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem. For this reason, we cannot ask each person to make a direct payment in the form of product price. Therefore, we collect money for public goods by using taxes.  
According to the passage, public goods are ______.
选项 A、services enjoyed by all people
B、what we can buy and sell in public
C、products that we make for national defense
D、taxes paid by the people involved
答案A
解析 从第一段可知，这个词语指的是一些如防御和交通之类的大众服务；然后第二段第一句又进一步揭示出这类服务的特点：一个人在享用服务的同时不会使另外一个人的享用权利受损。换句话说，每个人都可以平等地享受其带来的利益。因此A项正确。
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