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  3. Over the past 50 years, expansive, low density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States an

Over the past 50 years, expansive, low density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States an

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问题     Over the past 50 years, expansive, low density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburhan sprawl.
    Andres Duany, Elizabeth Flater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism, contend that suburban sprawl contributes to the decline of civic life and civility. For reasons involving the flow of automobile traffic, they note, zoning laws usually dictate that suburban homes, stores, businesses, and schools be built in separate areas, and this separation robs people of communal space where they can interact and get to know one another. It is as difficult to imagine the concept of community without a town square or local pub, these town planners contend, as it is to imagine the concept of family independent of the house.
    Suburban housing subdivisions, Duany and his colleagues add, usually contain homes identical not only in appearance but also in price, resulting in a de facto economic segregation of residential neighborhoods. Children growing up in these neighborhoods, whatever their economic circumstances, are certain to be ill prepared for life in a diverse society. Moreover, because the widely separated suburban homes and businesses are connected only by "collector roads," residents areforccd to drive, often in heavy traffic, in order to perform many daily tasks. Time that would in a town center involve social interaction within a physical public realm is now spent inside the automobile, where people cease to be community members andinstead become motorists, competing for road space, often acting antisocially. Pedestrians rarely act in this manner toward each other.
    Duany and his colleagues advocate development based on early-twentieth century urban neighborhoods that mix housing of different prices and offer residents a "gratifying public realm" that includes narrow, tree-lined streets,parks, corner grocery stores, cafes, small-neighborhood schools, all within walking distance. This, they believe, would give people of diverse backgrounds and lifestyles an opportunity to interact and thus develop mutual respect.
    Opponents of New Urbanism claim that migrationto sprawling suburbs is an expression of people’s legitimate desire to secure the enjoyment and personal mobility provided by the automobile and thelifestyle that it makes possible. However, the New Urbanists do not question people’s right to their own values; instead, they suggest that we should take a more critical view of these values and of the sprawl-conducive zoning and subdivision policies that reflect them. New Urbanists are fundamentally concerned with the long-term social costs of the now-prevailing attitude that individual mobility, consumption, and wealth should be valued absolutely, regardless of their impact on community life.
According to the second paragraph, "communal space" is to "community" as______.
选项 A、town square is to "local pub"
B、home is to "family"
C、business is to "school"
D、store is to "library"
答案B
解析 本题考查考生对第二段尤其是第二段最后一句内容意义的理解。第二段讲到由于郊区的住户、商店、商业，以及学校都建在分隔开来的区域，因而人们没有了可以彼此交流彼此熟识的公共空间。最后一句这样说，这些城市规划师们认为．脱离了城市广场或者当地酒吧就难以想象社区的概念，就像脱离了房子就难以去想象家的概念一样。可以总结为“城市广场或者当地酒吧”VS．“社区”相当于“房子”VS．“家”，而题目中，“城市广场或者当地酒吧”就是“公共空间”．因此B项正确。ACD项都是一种并列关系，“城市广场”“当地酒吧”“商业”“学校”“商店”“图书馆”都属于“公共空间”，因此均不正确。
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