首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Historical Background → The epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of fou
Historical Background → The epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of fou
admin
2012-01-14
86
问题
Historical Background
→ The epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of four surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. Although Beowulf was written by an anonymous Englishman in Old English, the tale takes place in that part of Scandinavia from which Germanic tribes emigrated to England. Beowulf comes from Geatland, the southeastern part of what is now Sweden. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, lives near what is now Leire, on Zealand, Denmark’s largest island. The Beowulf epic contains three major tales about Beowulf and several minor tales that reflect a rich Germanic oral tradition of myths, legends, and folklore.
→ The Beowulf warriors have a foot in both the Bronze and Iron Ages. Their mead-halls reflect the wealthy living of the Bronze Age Northmen, and their wooden shields, wood-shafted spears, and bronze-hilted swords are those of the Bronze Age warrior. However, they carry iron-tipped spears, and their best swords have iron or iron-edged blades. Beowulf also orders an iron shield for his fight with a dragon. Iron replaced bronze because it produced a blade with a cutting edge that was stronger and sharper. The Northmen learned how to forge iron in about 500 B.C. Although they had been superior to the European Celts in bronze work, it was the Celts who taught them how to make and design iron work. Iron was accessible everywhere in Scandinavia, usually in the form of "bog-iron" found in the layers of peat in peat bogs.
The Beowulf epic also reveals interesting aspects of the lives of the AngloSaxons who lived in England at the time of the anonymous Beowulf poet. The Germanic tribes, including the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, invaded England from about A.D. 450 to 600. By the time of the Beowulf.poet, AngloSaxon society in England was neither primitive nor uneu tured A
→ Although the Beowulf manuscript was written in about A.D. 1000, it was not discovered until the seventeenth century. B Scholars do not know whether Beowulf is the sole surviving epic from a flourishing Anglo-Saxon literary period that produced other great epics or whether it was unique even in its own time.C Many scholars think that the epic was probably written sometime between the late seventh century and the early ninth century. If they are correct, the original manuscript was probably lost during the ninth-century Viking invasions of Anglia, in which the Danes destroyed the Anglo-Saxon monasteries and their great libraries. However, other scholars think that the poet’s favorable attitude toward the Danes must place the epic’s composition after the Viking invasions and at the start of the eleventh century, when this Beowulf manuscript was written.
→ The identity of the Beowulf poet is also uncertain. D He apparently was a Christian who loved the pagan heroic tradition of his ancestors and blended the values of the pagan hero with the Christian values of his own country and time. Because he wrote in the Anglian dialect, he probably was either a monk in a monastery or a poet in an Anglo-Saxon court located north of the Thames River.
Appeal and Value
Beowulf interests contemporary readers for many reasons. First, it is an outstanding adventure story. Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon are marvelous characters, and each fight is unique, action-packed, and exciting. Second, Beowulf is a very appealing hero. He is the perfect warrior, combining extraordinary strength, skill, courage, and loyalty. Like Hercules, he devotes his life to making the world a safer place. He chooses to risk death in order to help other people, and he faces his inevitable death with heroism and dignity. Third, the Beowulf poet is interested in the psychological aspects of human behavior. For example, the Danish hero’s welcoming speech illustrates his jealousy of Beowulf. The behavior of Beowulf’s warriors in the dragon fight reveals their cowardice. Beowulf’s attitudes toward heroism reflect his maturity and experience, while King Hrothgar’s attitudes toward life show the experiences of an aged nobleman.
Finally, the Beowulf poet
exhibits
a mature appreciation of the transitory nature of human life and achievement. In Beowulf, as in the major epics of other cultures, the hero must create a meaningful life in a world that is often dangerous and uncaring. He must accept the inevitability of death. He chooses to
reject
despair; instead, he takes pride in himself and in his accomplishments, and he values human relationships.
The word reject in the passage is closest in meaning to
选项
A、manage
B、evaluate
C、refuse
D、confront
答案
C
解析
In this passage, refuse is a synonym for "reject." Context comes from the contrast with "accept" in the previous sentence.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NXyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-F,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-F,onyouranswersheet.Aaregivingr
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-E,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-E,onyouranswersheet.Ayoungpeople
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.
TheHistoryoftheGuitarTheword’guitar’wasbroughtintoEnglishasanadaptationoftheSpanishword’guitarra,’whichwas,
【21】Whichbeareatsinsects
ChoosethecorrectletterA-C.Whatisthetutortryingtodointhetutorial?AdescribeoneselectiontechniqueBcriticisetr
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.HowtokillbadinsectsChemicalmethodsThesesolutions
ChooseTHREEletters,A-G.WhichTHREEfactorsshouldthestudentconsiderwhileselectingcourses?AclasstimeBcoursetopic
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.GENERALCOURSEDETAILSTheBiologycoursesareavailablefor
Whichattitudeisassociatedwiththefollowingpeopleduringtheconversation?ChooseSIXanswersfromtheboxandwritetheco
随机试题
临床检验基础学的主要研究对象是
我国民族自治地方的自治权包括()
设某城市房地产交易中卖方、买方应缴纳的税费分别为正常成交价格的6%和3%。现某宗房地产的正常成交价格为2500元/m2,则卖方出售其房地产实得收入为2350元/m2,买方购买该房地产实际付出为2575元/m2。()
在Windows中,启动应用程序的方法只有一种。()
个人生命周期中维持期的主要理财活动是()。
甲企业为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%,因保管车辆的需要,2017年1月该企业决定采用自营方式建造一栋车库。相关资料如下:(1)2017年1月至6月,购入车库工程物资100万元,增值税17万元;发生运输费用5万元,增值税0.55万元;全部
邓小平在探索中国特色社会主义道路中,虽然没有明确提出“可持续发展战略”,但却包含着丰富的可持续发展的思想。他强调,促进我国经济和社会可持续发展,必须在保持经济增长的同时()。
(1)父母责备(2)留校打球(3)爬树翻墙(4)校门关闭(5)一瘸一拐
在某国,每年有比例为p的农村居民移居城镇,有比例为g的城镇居民移居农村。假设该国总人口数不变,且上述人口迁移的规律也不变。把凡年后农村人口和城镇人口占总人口的比例依次记为xn和yn(xn+yn=1)。设目前农村人口与城镇人口相等,即[*]。
设f(x,y)=,x>0,y>0,求
最新回复
(
0
)