首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
【F1】The American sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that the two most important functions of the modern family are the primary
【F1】The American sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that the two most important functions of the modern family are the primary
admin
2014-12-11
71
问题
【F1】
The American sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that the two most important functions of the modern family are the primary socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities through marriage and the raising of children.
His own concern was particularly with the middle-class American family, but these important aspects of family life are also applicable much more widely. In the present context it is worthwhile to look especially at primary socialization.
【F2】
Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child’s personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school.
Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get a-long with others are all aspects of child rearing. However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parsons’ main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed.【F3】
Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same; the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.
However, few families are ideal. Studies of the families of emotionally disturbed children have shown that unsatisfactory relationships between husbands and wives can have detrimental effects on children. Sometimes a child is used as a scapegoat. The parents blame or even physically abuse the child in order to cover up their own difficulties.【F4】
In such a case, the child often fails to develop the values the parents wish to instill in him, developing instead antisocial habits leading to abnormal behavior in later life.
Indeed, the cycle may be repeated if such a person in time marries, has a family of his own, and treats his children in the same way. Nonetheless, there is no reason to suppose that all children of unsatisfactory marriages are treated in such a way or fail to overcome the difficulties they have as children.
【F5】
Some social scientists have even suggested that the isolated nuclear family, as exists in Western industrialized societies, is to blame for the social ills found in those societies.
They claim that in the past more support was offered from the wider kin network and from the community as a whole—as is still the case in less-developed parts of the world. The British psychiatrists R. D. Laing and David Cooper suggested that the modern family is dysfunctional in that, by its very nature, it forces upon children an undue emphasis on obedience to authority. These negative viewpoints aside, most experts as well as most parents agree that the primary socialization process in the modern family offers benefits both to the child and to the parents.
【F3】
选项
答案
但是不同社会中的初级社会化背后的原理是相同的:社会价值观的形成必须在有爱和安全感的环境中得以实现,这在世界任何地方的理想家庭中都是一样的。
解析
句子主干是the principle is the same。behind引导的短语修饰principle;冒号后面的句子是在进一步解释前面的句子;as引导的非限制性定语从句修饰the development of social val—ues must be achieved in an environment of love and security,翻译为“正如……一样”。被动语态be achieved可以翻译为“得以实现”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NYK4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosesto【C1】______in.It【C2】______beafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpanelled
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears.Thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.【C1】______thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedi
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualor
______Chinaismobilizedtogoallouttobuildthecountryintoapowerfulandmodernsocialistcountry.
TheGovernmentsAggressiveDealingswithU.S.AutomakersIntheory,agovernmentbailoutshouldprovideashort-terminfusio
TheDeclineofU.S.ImmigrationApplicationImmigrantsaren’tseekingU.S.citizenshipasoftenthesedays—notsincetheAme
PlantsFoundinAspirinSynthesisAspirinisamongthemostpopularremediesusedbypeople.Itturnsoutsomeplantslikei
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-G
Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.(4
随机试题
患者男,28岁。因“搬运货物,砸伤左足”来诊。查体:左足跖部肿胀,疼痛,活动受限,患趾缩短,横径增宽,关节呈弹性固定。本病的治疗方法包括
在法律文书的理由中除应论证认定事实的理由外,更应论证
试评述行为科学时期的行政组织理论。
患者,男性,76岁。血清PSA(前列腺特异性抗原)为9.8ng/ml(正常值为4ng/ml),前列腺未扪及结节。要求进行超声检查。经临床治疗后,随访时最常用的检查方法为
根据商业银行法律制度的规定,下列对商业银行贷款的表述中,正确的有()。
中国公民李某是被单位派往外商投资企业工作的高级职员,2012年度他的收入情况如下:(1)雇佣单位每月支付工资、薪金10000元。(2)派遣单位每月支付工资、薪金1000元。(3)9月份购买福利彩票,一次中奖收入15000元。(4)取得保险赔款500
教育过程中班主任如何做好后进生的工作?
2013年,张明因盖房挖地基,发现一个坛子,内有500块银圆及一张棉布,上写“为防日寇搜查,特埋此,王建林1938年7月1日”。王建林为王天民的爷爷,在抗战期间被日寇杀害,解放后王天民被宣布为中农。这500块银圆()。
2011年,某市接待海内外游客2123万人次,同比增长17.8%,其中,接待入境旅游者87.71万人次,同比增长8.2%,在入境旅游者中,外国旅游者51.1万人次,同比下降8.6%;港澳台旅游者36.61万人次,同比增长43%,全年旅游总收入168.15
某药材公司与某制药厂签订的枸杞买卖合同约定:药材公司于当年9月底前将50吨枸杞交给制药厂,每吨1.2万元,制药厂在合同签订后5日内支付定金10万元,收货后20日内付清货款。合同还约定,药材公司迟交货1天,支付违约金500元;一方有其他违约情况,应向对方支付
最新回复
(
0
)